A body of knowledge has been accumulating on correctional rehabilitation programs and offender populations. This has been generated by evaluation studies that have examined the effectiveness of various types of treatment approaches in reducing offender recidivism. Many reviews of the offender rehabilitation literature have found that while some programs have been effective in reducing recidivism, there are some programs for offenders that are not effective. This disparity in program success has led researchers to try to determine the characteristics that differentiate effective programs from ineffective ones. Programs that are poorly conceptualized, poorly implemented by unqualified staff, or target inappropriate or unalterable factors for change have little chance of reducing recidivism. Relatively little attention has been devoted to questions of what works best, for whom, ...

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