Behavior modification is the systematic application of basic principles of learning, operant conditioning, and classical (Pavlovian) conditioning to change human behavior. Basic principles from operant conditioning used in behavior modification include reinforcement, stimulus control procedures, functional analysis of problem behavior, and punishment techniques to a lesser extent. Used as a management technique, behavioral principles are utilized by staff with patients, students, employees, or inmates. In behavior therapy, both parties, one of whom is usually someone with health-care credentials, freely consent to participate toward mutually acceptable goals—but using the same principles.

Using behavior modification principles under the title of an applied behavior analyis (ABA) requires licensure or certification in most states and is growing worldwide. ABA is the only scientifically established effective treatment for autism spectrum disorder, ...