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Vocational Education
Vocational education is education and training to prepare individuals for work. Most incarcerated offenders will reenter society. Employment and education are considered important protective factors in reentry, as they are often associated with decreased criminal behavior. Therefore, vocational education is an important component for public safety. This entry provides the history of vocational education for offenders, provides a definition of terms, discusses the vocational needs of offenders, discusses effectiveness and costs of vocational education, and concludes with proposed areas of further development.
History
The idea of educating offenders is not new and, according to the Correctional Education Association, has existed in the United States even as early as the 1700s. However, providing education for inmates has sometimes been a controversial issue. In the late 20th century, ...
- Biases in Crime Policies and Prevention
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- Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory 2.0 (YLS/CMI 2.0)
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- Jail Screening Assessment Tool (JSAT)
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- Military Service Screening
- Prison Security Levels
- Psychodiagnostic Interview
- Services Matching Instrument (SMI)
- Offender Risk Assessment and Risk Level Classification
- Protective Factors Assessment
- Suicide and Self-Harm Risk Assessment
- Suicidal Versus Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Corrections
- Suicide and Self-Harm in Corrections, Risk Factors for
- Suicide and Self-Harm Intervention and Management Strategies
- Suicide and Self-Harm Offender-Specific Screening Tools
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- Suicide and Self-Harm, Linkages to Violence Risk
- Suicide Risk and Self-Harm
- Suicide Risk and Self-Harm in Corrections, Prevalence and Estimates
- Offender-Crime Theories and Typologies Criminal Organizations and Networks
- Ñeta
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- Mental Illness and Crime, Etiological Linkages Between
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- Mental Illness as a Predictor of Crime and Recidivism
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- Offenders With Mental Illness
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- Recidivism
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- Threat/Control-Override Model
- Property Offenders
- Psychopathy
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- Corporate Psychopaths
- Criminal Justice Correlates of Psychopathy
- Historical Antecedents of Psychopathy
- Neurobiological Models of Psychopathy
- Psychopathic Traits, Structure of
- Psychopathy
- Psychopathy Checklist (PCL)
- Psychopathy, Etiology of
- Social Learning and Environmental Determinants of Psychopathy
- Sexual Offenders
- Child Pornography
- Exhibitionism
- Extrafamilial Child Molestation
- Extrafamilial Child Molestation, Theories of
- Extrafamilial Child Molestation, Typologies of
- Female Sexual Offenders
- Frotteurism
- Human Trafficking
- Internet Exploitation and Child Luring
- Internet Sexual Offenders
- Intrafamilial Child Molestation
- Intrafamilial Child Molestation, Theories of
- Intrafamilial Child Molestation, Typologies of
- Mixed Sexual Offenders
- Noncontact Sexual Offenders
- Noncontact Sexual Offending, Theories of
- Pedophilia
- Rapists, Theories of
- Rapists, Typologies of
- Sadism
- Sexual Offenders
- Voyeurism
- Substance-Abusing Offenders
- Violent Offenders
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- Genetic and Environmental Influences on Violence and Aggression
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- Homicide
- Intimate Partner Violence
- Mental Disorders and Violence
- Neurobiological Bases of Aggression
- Robbery
- Self-Regulation
- Serial Murder
- Sexual Offending
- Stalking
- Theoretical Models of Violence and Aggression
- Violence Against Children
- Violent Offenders
- Violent Offenders, Categories of
- Preparing for a Criminal Justice Career
- Prison Services and Treatment
- “Nothing Works” Debate
- Ruiz v. Estelle (1980)
- Antisocial Personality Disorder in Incarcerated Offenders, Treatment of
- Basic Mental Health Services Versus Rehabilitation
- Bi-Adaptive Model of Mental Illness and Criminalness
- Bipolar Disorder in Incarcerated Offenders, Treatment of
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Social Learning Theory
- Cognitive Disorders in Incarcerated Offenders, Treatment of
- Community Corrections
- Co-occurring Disorders in Incarcerated Offenders, Treatment of
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- Criminalness
- Criminogenic Needs, Targeting
- Family-Oriented Correctional Programs
- Homework as Treatment
- Homework as Treatment: Active Versus Passive Homework
- Homework Compliance Strategies
- Ineffective Rehabilitation Strategies
- Low Intellectual Functioning in Incarcerated Offenders, Treatment of
- Major Depressive Disorder in Incarcerated Offenders, Treatment of
- Matching Treatment by Offender Type and Therapist Style
- Motivational Interviewing
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Incarcerated Offenders, Treatment of
- Offenders With Mental Illness in Prisons, Treatment for
- Personality Disorders in Incarcerated Offenders, Treatment of
- Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Incarcerated Offenders, Treatment of
- Prevention Versus Intervention
- Psychopathy Versus Antisocial Personality Disorder
- Resilience and Positive Psychology
- Social Skills Training
- Substance Use Treatment for Offenders With Mentally Disordered
- Telehealth
- Therapeutic Communities
- Trauma, Treatment of
- Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
- Trauma-Informed Treatment
- Traumatic Brain Injury in Incarcerated Offenders, Treatment of
- Treatment of Criminal Behavior: Family Therapy
- Treatment of Criminal Behavior: Group Psychotherapy
- Treatment of Criminal Behavior: Substance Abuse Counseling
- Prisons and Prisoners
- Ñeta
- Aging and Older Incarcerated Offenders
- Aging and Older Incarcerated Offenders, Palliative Care of
- Aging and Older Incarcerated Offenders, Physical Disability of
- Alcatraz
- Aryan Brotherhood
- Black Guerrilla Family
- Borderline Personality Disorder
- Children of Offenders
- Classification
- Correctional Management
- Correctional Officer Stress
- Correctional Officer’s Attitudes Toward Offenders
- Correctional Officers
- Correctional Officers, Occupational Duties of
- Deterrence
- Deterrence Effects of Adjudicating and Sentencing Juvenile Offenders as Adults
- Families of Incarcerated Offenders
- Federal Prisons
- Gender and Identity in Prison
- General Violence in Prisons
- Guantanamo Bay
- Immigration and Customs Detention
- Imprisonment and Stress
- Incarceration Rates, International
- Incarceration Rates, U.S.
- Incarceration, Effects of
- Inmate Code
- Institutional Violence and Misconduct
- Institutional Violence and Misconduct, Assessment and Management of
- Institutional Violence and Misconduct: Violence Toward Offenders
- Institutional Violence and Misconduct: Violence Toward Staff
- Intimidation
- Isolation in Prisons
- Jails
- Mara Salvatrucha
- Mexican Drug Cartels
- Mexican Mafia
- Nuestra Familia
- Prison Abolition
- Prison Gangs, Major
- Prison Misconduct, Prediction of
- Prison Overcrowding
- Prison Rape Elimination Act
- Prison Reform
- Prisons
- Privatization of Prisons
- Segregation in Prison, Physical Consequences of
- Segregation in Prison, Psychological Consequences of
- Segregation in Prisons
- Segregation in Prisons, Administrative
- Segregation in Prisons, Disciplinary
- Segregation in Prisons: Best Practices
- Sexual Violence in Adult Prisons and Jails
- Shock Incarceration
- State Prisons
- Suicide During Incarceration
- Texas Syndicate
- Threats in Prisons
- Victimization in Prisons
- Rehabilitation and Reentry
- Academic Programs for Prisoners
- Behavior Modification
- Cognitive Deficits, Effects on Rehabilitation
- Community Context and Mass Incarceration
- Comprehensive Correctional Plans
- Contingency Management
- Correctional Boot Camps
- Correctional Program Assessment Inventory (CPAI)
- Correctional Rehabilitation Programs, Evaluation of
- Cost-Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Versus Incarceration
- Criminogenic Needs
- Desistance
- Domestically Violent Offenders: Treatment Approaches
- Domestically Violent Offenders: Treatment Outcome Research
- Drug Testing
- Electronic Monitoring
- Evidence-Informed Tools for Assessing Correctional Rehabilitation Programs
- Faith-Based Initiatives
- Family-Focused Therapy
- Good Lives Model
- Inmate Denial of Criminal Risk
- Intensive Supervisory Probation
- Juvenile Offenders: Developmental Treatment Considerations
- Juvenile Offenders: Treatment Models and Approaches
- Mental Health Treatment
- Minor Criminal Risk Factors
- Motivation to Change
- Multisystemic Therapy
- Need Principle
- Offender Treatment Attrition
- Offender Treatment Attrition and Retention, Responsivity Issues
- Offenders With Mental Disorders: Treatment Outcome Research
- Personality Pathology
- Physical and Mental Health Treatment
- Police–Probation Partnerships
- Psychopathic Offenders, Treatment of
- Psychopathic Offenders: Ineffective Treatment Programs
- Psychopathic Offenders: Promising Treatment Programs
- Psychopathic Offenders: Treatment Challenges and Controversies
- Punishing Smarter Programs
- Punishment
- Punishment, Effective Principles of
- Reentry
- Reentry, Best Practices for
- Rehabilitation
- Repeat Offenders
- Responsivity Principle
- Restitution
- Restorative Justice
- Risk Principle
- Risk Principle, Illustrative Applications of
- Risk-Need-Responsivity, Principles of
- Sexual Offenders: Treatment Approaches
- Sexual Offenders: Treatment Outcome Research
- Spirituality
- Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision (STICS)
- Substance Use Treatment for Offenders With Mental Disorders
- Treatment Dosage and Treatment Effectiveness
- Treatment Foster Care Oregon
- Violent Offenders: Treatment Approaches
- Violent Offenders: Treatment Outcome Research
- Vocational Education
- Research in Criminal Psychology
- Crime Linkage Analysis
- Experimental Criminology, Research Methods in
- Forensic Psychology, Research Methods in
- Inmate Research Interviews
- Knowledge Destruction Versus Knowledge Cumulation
- Measurements and Scales, Use in Forensic Research
- Meta-Analysis
- Psychopathic Offenders: Current State of the Research
- Research in Criminal Psychology
- Self-Reports and Questionnaires
- Sequential Intercept Model
- Stanford Prison Experiment
- Treatment or Program Outcome Evaluations
- Within Treatment or Program Change
- State, Federal, and Private Criminal Justice Agencies
- Advocacy Organizations
- American Correctional Association
- Central Intelligence Agency
- Correctional Agencies
- Correctional Psychology Practice, Ethical Issues in
- Correctional Service Canada
- Criminal Courts
- Federal Bureau of Investigation
- Federal Bureau of Prisons
- Law Enforcement Agencies
- National Institute of Justice
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security
- U.S. Department of Justice
- U.S. Secret Service
- Theories of Crime
- Alcohol and Aggression
- Behavioral Genetics and Other Biological Influences on Criminal Behavior
- Behavioral Theory of Crime
- Crime Mapping
- Criminal Attitudes
- Criminal Careers and Offending Trajectories
- Criminal Lifestyle
- Criminalization Hypothesis
- Developmental Theories of Crime: Maltreatment
- Differential Association Theory
- Economics of Crime
- Family Systems Theory of Crime
- Feminist Perspectives on Crime
- Homelessness and Crime
- Life Course Perspectives on Crime
- Media: Influence on Crime
- Neighborhood and Crime
- Neighborhood Effects, Theory of
- Poverty and Crime
- Psychoanalytic Theory of Crime
- Psychology of Criminal Conduct
- Social Bond Theory
- Social Control Theory
- Social Disorganization Theory
- Social Drift Theory
- Social Learning Theory of Crime
- Sociological Theories of Crime
- Strain Theory of Crime
- Techniques of Neutralization
- War Crimes
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