Home-based early childhood education refers to the array of early care and education (ECE) arrangements provided for children under the age of 5 in home-based settings. These arrangements can be categorized as relative care (care by a relative of the child, such as a parent or grandparent, in either the child’s home or the relative’s home), nonrelative care (care by a nonrelative, such as a babysitter or nanny, typically in the child’s home), and family child care (care of a small group of children in the provider’s home). This entry examines patterns of use of home-based ECE settings, the quality of these settings, and links between participation in these settings and children’s development. The concluding section discusses implications for policy and practice.