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Crime, Early Childhood Education and
Numerous studies of high-quality early childhood education (ECE) programs have found they led to a reduction in crime or led to other outcomes linked to a decrease in criminal behavior. These programs can lead to less abuse and neglect, fewer behavior problems, better performance in school, fewer high school dropouts, and, ultimately, fewer crimes committed and a reduction in the number of prisoners. This entry summarizes the research linking ECE and crime reduction.
ECE Contributions to Crime Reduction
There is a well-documented relationship between education and crime. According to a U.S. Justice Department report from 2003, seven out of ten state prisoners do not have a high school diploma. Economists who studied the relationship over time between changes in graduation rates and crime concluded that a ...
- Assessment
- Academics and Academic Assessment in Early Education
- Accommodations for Assessment
- Assessing Children for Disabilities
- Assessment of Play
- Assessment, Limitations of
- Authentic Assessment
- Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development
- Checklists and Rating Scales
- Child Observation Record
- Classroom Assessment Scoring System
- Developmental Assessment
- Developmental Screening Instruments
- Differentiated Instruction and Assessment
- Documentation
- Emotional Disabilities and Assessment
- Gesell Assessments
- Identification of Special Needs
- Intellectual Assessment
- Interpreting Assessment Data
- Literacy Assessment
- Mental Health Assessments
- Multiple Methods of Assessment
- Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale
- Objectivity and Subjectivity in Assessment
- Observational Assessment
- Ounce Scale, The
- Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test
- Prekindergarten Program Evaluation
- Program Evaluation
- Project Spectrum
- Readiness Assessments
- Reliability and Validity in Child Assessment
- Social Skills Assessments
- Standardized Assessment
- Standards-Based Curriculum and Assessment
- Teacher Materials for Documentation
- Teacher Performance Assessment
- Work Sampling System, The
- Associations
- Alliance for Childhood
- BUILD Initiative
- Center for Applied Research
- Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning
- Division for Early Childhood
- Foundation for Child Development
- Gesell Institute of Child Development
- IPA/USA American Association for the Child’s Right to Play
- National Association for the Education of Young Children
- National Association of Early Childhood Specialists in State Departments of Education
- National Center for Children in Poverty
- National Head Start Association
- National Institute for Early Education Research
- Ounce of Prevention Fund
- Resources for Infant Educarers
- ZERO TO THREE
- Child Care
- Child Development
- Child Care Assistance and Child Development
- Child Development and Early Childhood Education
- Determinants of Child Development
- Early Number Representation Development
- Executive Functioning
- Home-Based Early Childhood Education
- Nature and Young Children
- Neonatal Health and Development
- Neuroscience and Early Education
- Poverty Effects
- School Readiness
- Spiritual Development
- Typical Development
- Wellness Model for Young Children and Families
- Child Development–Cognition
- Cognitive Developmental Theory
- Convergent and Divergent Thinking
- Creativity
- Curiosity
- Dual Language Learners and Critical Thinking Strategies
- Imagination
- Intellectual Assessment
- Intellectual Diversity
- Measurement, Children’s Understanding of
- Multiple Intelligences
- Pretense
- Reasoning and Problem Solving
- Social Class Effects on Development and Learning
- Social Play and Cognitive Development
- Spatial Development
- Theory of Mind
- Thinking
- Child Development–Language and Literacy
- Acquisition of Reading and Writing
- Children’s Literature
- Children’s Writing
- Comprehension
- Early Literacy Development
- Engaging Conversation
- Expressive Language
- Family Literacy Movement
- Key Words
- Language Development
- Language Development, Theories of
- Language Disabilities
- Language Diversity
- Literacy
- Literacy Assessment
- Literacy-Enhanced Props
- National Early Literacy Panel
- Oral Language Development
- Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test
- Phonological Ability
- Read-Alouds
- Reading
- Speech Development
- Speech Development, Issues in
- Storytelling and Story Acting
- Vocabulary
- Child Development–Physical/Motor
- Child Development–Social-Emotional
- Aggression
- Attachment and Stress
- Autonomy
- Caring
- Challenging Behavior
- Child Care Quality and Young Children’s Behavior
- Children’s Cubbies
- Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning
- Conflict Management
- Difficult Temperaments, Children With
- Dual Language Learners and the Development of Self-Regulation
- Emotional Development
- Empathy
- Friendships
- Grief and Loss, Young Children’s Understanding of
- Guidance With Girls
- Guiding Behavior
- Healthy Environments for Social-Emotional Development
- Initiative and Industry
- Mental Health Assessments
- Mental Health Services
- Mindfulness
- Moral Development
- Motivation
- Mutual Regulation Model
- Peers and Play
- Prenatal Mental Health
- Prosocial Behavior
- Psychosexual Theory
- Psychosocial Theory
- Relational Power
- Relationship Building
- Resilience in Adversity
- Self-Regulation
- Sexuality Development
- Shyness in Young Children
- Sibling Relationships
- Social Referencing
- Social Skills and School Success
- Social Skills Assessments
- Social-Emotional Competence
- Social-Emotional Development
- Sociomoral Development
- Temperament
- Temperament and Development
- Trauma and Young Children
- Trust
- Collaboration
- Business Partnerships
- Caring Communities
- Child Care Policy and Practice
- Community Partnerships
- Community Schools
- Community–University Partnerships
- Congruence
- Family Partnerships
- Family-Centered Practices
- Framework of Six Types of Involvement
- Grandparent Roles
- History of Early Childhood Education Policy
- Interdisciplinary Models
- Internships
- Leadership in Early Childhood Education
- Master Teachers
- Mentors
- Obesity Prevention
- Preschool Administration
- Preservice Teacher Preparation
- Principals, Role of
- Professionalism
- Program Evaluation
- Quality Through Collaboration: Oklahoma’s Quality Initiatives
- Student Teaching and Internships, Issues in
- Transdisciplinary Collaboration
- Transforming the Workforce
- Transitioning
- Workforce Development
- World Bank
- Curriculum
- Anti-Bias Education, Components of
- Approaches to Early Mathematics Instruction
- Art
- Arts Integration
- Bank Street
- Child Observation Record
- Child-Initiated Play
- Children’s Literature
- Children’s Writing
- Close Observation of Children Leads to Powerful Curriculum: Sylvia Ashton-Warner
- Common Core State Standards
- Comprehension
- Constructivism
- Constructivist Curriculum
- Creative Curriculum, The
- Curriculum and Early Childhood Education
- Documentation
- Early Childhood Science Experiences
- Early Literacy Development
- Early Number Representation Development
- Emergent Curriculum
- Expressive Language
- Family Engagement in Curriculum
- HighScope
- HighScope Perry Preschool Study
- Home-Based Early Childhood Education
- Infant and Toddler Programming
- Infant Signing
- Inquiry
- Integrated Approaches
- Integrated Curriculum
- Key Words
- Measurement, Children’s Understanding of
- Montessori Programs and Environments
- Movement Education
- Music
- Nature and Young Children
- Physical Education
- Play, Curriculum, and Pedagogy
- Preparing Early Childhood Teachers to Implement Digital Media
- Project Approach
- Project Spectrum
- Reading
- Reasoning and Problem Solving
- Reggio Emilia Approach
- Reggio Emilia Approach, Role of the Arts in
- Science
- Social Studies Topics
- Standards
- Standards-Based Curriculum and Assessment
- Storytelling and Story Acting
- Technology and Play
- Technology in Early Childhood Education
- Theater
- Tools of the Mind
- Transitions and Routines
- Vocabulary
- Waldorf Education
- Diversity
- Americans with Disabilities Act
- Anti-Bias Education Theory
- Anti-Bias Education, Components of
- Bias
- Bilingual Families
- Black Boys, Early Childhood Education and
- Chronic Illness
- Communication Disabilities
- Critical Theory
- Cultural and Linguistic Responsiveness
- Cultural Competence
- Cultural Diversity
- Cultural Variations in Play
- Development of Prejudice
- Developmental Disabilities
- Differentiation
- Diversity in Early Childhood Education
- Dual Language Learners
- Dual Language Learners and Critical Thinking Strategies
- Dual Language Learners and the Development of Self-Regulation
- Dual Language Learners, Strategies for
- Economic Differences in Play
- Economic Status and Geographic Influences on Development and Learning
- Equity and Equality in Early Childhood
- Ethnic and Racial Identity Development
- Ethnic Differences and Families
- Family Structure
- Family Structure Diversity in the Early Childhood Program
- Funds of Knowledge
- Gender Diversity
- Gender Roles
- Gifted Education
- Head Start
- Homelessness
- Immigrant Children
- Inequality From Birth
- Intellectual Disabilities
- Intellectual Diversity
- Language Diversity
- Migrant Families
- Multiracial Families
- National Center for Children in Poverty
- Parents Who Are Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, or Queer
- Partnership Transitions
- Poverty Effects
- Professional Development for Diversity
- Refugee Children
- Religion and Families
- Sensory Integration
- Social Class Effects on Development and Learning
- Special Needs
- Speech Development
- Speech Development, Issues in
- Strengths-Based Education and Practices
- Early Intervention
- Abecedarian Project
- Accommodations and Adaptations
- Americans with Disabilities Act
- Assessing Children for Disabilities
- Assistive Technology in Early Intervention
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
- Atypical Development
- Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Behavior Disorders
- Behavioral Theory
- Child-Parent Centers
- Communication Disabilities
- Critical Theory
- Developmental Disabilities
- Direct Instruction
- Division for Early Childhood
- Early Childhood Inclusion
- Early Head Start
- Early Intervention
- Early Intervention, Legal Basis for
- Emotional Disabilities and Assessment
- Fathers in Early Intervention
- Head Start
- Home Visitation With Mothers and Infants and Children
- Home-Based Early Intervention Practices
- Identification of Special Needs
- Individualized Family Service Plan and Individualized Education Program
- Intellectual Disabilities
- Language Disabilities
- Personnel Preparation for Early Intervention
- Physical Disabilities
- Recommended Early Intervention Practice Guidelines
- Special Needs
- Universal Design for Learning
- Environments
- Accreditation
- Challenging and Supportive Climates
- Child Care
- Child Development Laboratory Schools
- Children’s Cubbies
- Comer Schools
- Community Schools
- Cooperative Learning
- Early Childhood Inclusion
- Early Childhood Special Education
- Early Head Start
- Early Intervention
- Executive Functioning
- Healthy Environments for Social-Emotional Development
- Infant and Toddler Programming
- Infant Rooms
- Kindergarten Environments
- Learning Materials
- Literacy-Enhanced Props
- Looping
- Montessori Programs and Environments
- Multiage Spaces
- Outdoor Play Spaces
- Playground Structures
- Preschool Rooms
- Primary Grade Learning Spaces
- Program Formats and Schedules
- Selection of Furniture
- Toddler Rooms
- Transitions and Routines
- Families
- Adoption
- At-Risk Families
- Attachment and Stress
- Bilingual Families
- Bioecological Theory
- Blended Families
- Breastfeeding
- Child Abuse Prevention
- Chronic Illness
- Cohabitation
- Commercialism
- Congruence
- Coparenting
- Cultural and Linguistic Responsiveness
- Deployment and Parenting
- Economic Status and Geographic Influences on Development and Learning
- Empathy
- Ethnic Differences and Families
- Family Child Care
- Family Engagement in Curriculum
- Family Engagement Models
- Family Health
- Family Life Education
- Family Literacy Movement
- Family Partnerships
- Family Strengths
- Family Structure
- Family Structure Diversity in the Early Childhood Program
- Family Systems Theories
- Family-Centered Practices
- Fathers
- Fathers in Early Intervention
- Framework of Six Types of Involvement
- Funds of Knowledge
- Gender Roles
- Grandparent Roles
- Healthy Choices and Young Children
- Home Visitation With Mothers and Infants and Children
- Home Visits
- Homelessness
- Immigrant Children
- Immigrant Families and Early Childhood Education
- Incarcerated Parents, Children of
- Infant–Parent Relationships
- Maternal Work Status
- Migrant Families
- Military Child Development Centers
- Military Families, Children in
- Mothers
- Multiracial Families
- Mutual Regulation Model
- Nutrition
- Parent and Family Influences on Active Free Play
- Parenting Effects on Child Development
- Parenting Support and Education
- Parents as Teachers
- Parents Who Are Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, or Queer
- Partnership Transitions
- Prenatal Mental Health
- Refugee Children
- Religion and Families
- Resilience in Adversity
- Sibling Relationships
- Siblings and Play
- Sleep
- Social Referencing
- Sociomoral Development
- Spiritual Development
- Stress and Resilience in Families
- Substance Abuse and Addiction
- Teen Pregnancy and Parenting
- Transition to Parenthood
- Trust
- Violence in Families
- Wellness Model for Young Children and Families
- Work and Families
- Play
- Assessment of Play
- Child-Initiated Play
- Commercialism
- Cultural Variations in Play
- Economic Differences in Play
- Free Play, Importance of
- Guided Play
- Media Influences on Play
- Noncurricular Play
- Outdoor Play Spaces
- Parent and Family Influences on Active Free Play
- Peers and Play
- Play and Early Childhood Education
- Play and Early Writing
- Play, Benefits of
- Play, Curriculum, and Pedagogy
- Play, Definition of
- Play, Nature of
- Playground Structures
- Recess
- Rough and Tumble Play
- Siblings and Play
- Social Play and Cognitive Development
- Sociodramatic Play and Sara Smilansky
- Technology and Play
- Policy and Advocacy
- Accessibility
- Accountability in Early Care and Education
- Accreditation
- Affordability
- Alliance for Childhood
- Assessment, Limitations of
- At-Risk Families
- Authentic Assessment
- BUILD Initiative
- Center for Applied Research
- Child Abuse Prevention
- Child Care Assistance and Child Development
- Child Care Policy and Practice
- Child-Parent Centers
- Common Core State Standards
- Community–University Partnerships
- Crime, Early Childhood Education and
- Data-Based Child Advocacy
- Early Childhood Education
- Early Childhood Education Systems
- Early Childhood Research and Policy Linkages
- Early Childhood Special Education
- Early Childhood Teacher Education
- Early Intervention, Legal Basis for
- Effective Advocacy Practices
- Ethics in Early Childhood Education
- Family Health
- Family Strengths
- Grade Retention
- Highly Qualified Early Childhood Teachers
- High-Quality Early Education, Long-Term Benefits of
- HighScope Perry Preschool Study
- High-Stakes Standards-Based Accountability Reform
- History of Early Childhood Education Policy
- Individualized Family Service Plan and Individualized Education Program
- IPA/USA American Association for the Child’s Right to Play
- Maternal Work Status
- Men in Early Childhood Education
- National Association for the Education of Young Children
- National Association of Early Childhood Specialists in State Departments of Education
- National Head Start Association
- National Institute for Early Education Research
- Neonatal Health and Development
- Ounce of Prevention Fund
- Policy and Early Childhood Education
- Prevention Science and Early Education
- Quality
- Quality Rating and Improvement Systems
- Quality Through Collaboration: Oklahoma’s Quality Initiatives
- Recommended Early Intervention Practice Guidelines
- Regulatory Agencies
- School Readiness
- Smart Start (North Carolina)
- Standardized Assessment
- State Policy Making
- Teacher Preparation Policy and Practice
- Work and Families
- World Bank
- The Profession of Early Childhood Education
- Accountability in Early Care and Education
- Business Partnerships
- Child Development and Early Childhood Education
- Classroom Processes
- Clinical Experiences
- Coaching
- Community Partnerships
- Conceptual Framework for Teacher Preparation Programs
- Content Knowledge
- Cooperating Teachers
- Curriculum and Early Childhood Education
- Data-Based Child Advocacy
- Defining Early Childhood Education
- Developmentally Appropriate Practice
- Diversity in Early Childhood Education
- Early Childhood Education
- Early Childhood Education Systems
- Early Childhood Research and Policy Linkages
- Early Childhood Teacher Education
- Effective Advocacy Practices
- Equity and Equality in Early Childhood
- Ethics in Early Childhood Education
- Family Life Education
- Field Experiences
- Highly Qualified Early Childhood Teachers
- High-Quality Early Education, Long-Term Benefits of
- History of Early Childhood Education in the United States
- Identifying as an Early Childhood Professional
- Immigrant Families and Early Childhood Education
- Intentional Teaching
- Internships
- Interpreting Assessment Data
- Kindergarten Environments
- Leadership in Early Childhood Education
- Master Teachers
- Measuring Effectiveness
- Men in Early Childhood Education
- Mental Health Services
- Mentors
- Models
- Moral Dimensions of Teaching
- Multiple Methods of Assessment
- Neuroscience and Early Education
- Noncurricular Play
- Objectivity and Subjectivity in Assessment
- Observational Assessment
- Paraprofessionals
- Parenting Support and Education
- Pedagogical Knowledge
- Personnel Preparation for Early Intervention
- Planning
- Play and Early Childhood Education
- Play, Definition of
- Policy and Early Childhood Education
- Postmodernism
- Preparing Early Childhood Teachers to Implement Digital Media
- Preschool Administration
- Preservice Teacher Preparation
- Prevention Science and Early Education
- Principals, Role of
- Professional Development for Diversity
- Professional Dispositions of Early Childhood Educators
- Professionalism
- Quality Rating and Improvement Systems
- Reflective Practice
- Regulatory Agencies
- Reliability and Validity in Child Assessment
- Standards
- State Policy Making
- Student Teaching and Internships, Issues in
- Teacher Beliefs
- Teacher Materials for Documentation
- Teacher Performance Assessment
- Teacher Preparation Policy and Practice
- Teaching Teams
- Technology in Early Childhood Education
- Theory to Practice in Early Childhood Education and Care
- Transdisciplinary Collaboration
- Transforming the Workforce
- Workforce Development
- Teaching and Learning
- Abecedarian Project
- Academics and Academic Assessment in Early Education
- Accommodations and Adaptations
- Accommodations for Assessment
- Acquisition of Reading and Writing
- Approaches to Early Mathematics Instruction
- Approaches to Learning
- Art
- Arts Integration
- Assistive Technology in Early Intervention
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
- Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Autonomy
- Bank Street
- Behavior Disorders
- Bias
- Black Boys, Early Childhood Education and
- Brain Development
- Caring
- Center-Based Care
- Challenging and Supportive Climates
- Challenging Behavior
- Child-Initiated Learning
- Classroom Assessment Scoring System
- Classroom Processes
- Clinical Experiences
- Coaching
- Conceptual Framework for Teacher Preparation Programs
- Conflict Management
- Content Knowledge
- Convergent and Divergent Thinking
- Cooperating Teachers
- Cooperative Learning
- Creative Curriculum, The
- Creativity
- Cultural Competence
- Curiosity
- Determinants of Child Development
- Developmentally Appropriate Practice
- Differentiated Instruction and Assessment
- Differentiation
- Direct Instruction
- Dual Language Learners
- Dual Language Learners, Strategies for
- Early Childhood Science Experiences
- Emergent Curriculum
- Engaging Conversation
- Field Experiences
- Friendships
- Gifted Education
- Grade Retention
- Grief and Loss, Young Children’s Understanding of
- Guided Play
- Guiding Behavior
- History of Early Childhood Education in the United States
- Home-Based Early Intervention Practices
- Identifying as an Early Childhood Professional
- Imagination
- Initiative and Industry
- Inquiry
- Inquiry-Based Learning
- Integrated Approaches
- Integrated Curriculum
- Intentional Teaching
- Interdisciplinary Models
- Joyful Learning
- Kindergarten
- Language Development
- Learning Materials
- Literacy
- Looping
- Measuring Effectiveness
- Mindfulness
- Moral Development
- Moral Dimensions of Teaching
- Motivation
- Multiage Education
- Multiage Spaces
- Music
- National Early Literacy Panel
- Oral Language Development
- Paraprofessionals
- Pedagogical Knowledge
- Phonological Ability
- Planning
- Play and Early Writing
- Prekindergarten
- Prekindergarten Program Evaluation
- Preschool
- Preschool Rooms
- Pretense
- Primary Grade Learning Spaces
- Primary Grades
- Professional Dispositions of Early Childhood Educators
- Program Formats and Schedules
- Project Approach
- Prosocial Behavior
- Quality
- Read-Alouds
- Reflective Practice
- Relationship Building
- School of the 21st Century (21C)
- Science
- Self-Regulation
- Sensory Development
- Setting Influences on Child Development
- Shyness in Young Children
- Social Skills and School Success
- Social Studies Topics
- Sociocultural Theory
- Spatial Development
- Strengths-Based Education and Practices
- Teacher Beliefs
- Teacher Roles in Inquiry
- Teacher-Directed Learning
- Teaching Teams
- Temperament and Development
- Theater
- Thinking
- Toddler Rooms
- Typical Development
- Warm and Responsive Interactions
- Work Sampling System, The
- Theories and Models
- Anti-Bias Education Theory
- Behavioral Theory
- Bioecological Theory
- Close Observation of Children Leads to Powerful Curriculum: Sylvia Ashton-Warner
- Cognitive Developmental Theory
- Constructivism
- Constructivist Curriculum
- Critical Theory
- Family Engagement Models
- Family Systems Theories
- HighScope
- Language Development, Theories of
- Maturational Theory
- Models
- Multiple Intelligences
- Parents as Teachers
- Postmodernism
- Psychosexual Theory
- Psychosocial Theory
- Reggio Emilia Approach
- Reggio Emilia Approach, Role of the Arts in
- School of the 21st Century (21C)
- Smart Start (North Carolina)
- Sociocultural Theory
- Stage Theories
- Theory of Mind
- Theory to Practice in Early Childhood Education and Care
- Tools of the Mind
- Waldorf Education
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