Interdisciplinary scholarship refers to the permanent legal transfer of guardianship of a child from his or her family of origin to another person or family across national boundaries as transnational, international, and intercountry adoption, interchangeably. The systematic practice of transnational adoption (TA) began with a series of child-saving initiatives enacted during and after World War II that aimed to rescue children from a warring and war-torn Europe, mostly from Germany. This entry discusses the history of, processes for, trends in, and critical themes for research about transnational adoption.