Janusz Korczak (1878–1942) was born as Henryk (to be more precise: Hersz) Goldszmit on July 22, 1878, in Warsaw, when the city was under Russian partition. He came from an assimilated Jewish family with ties to the Enlightenment movement of the Haskalah. The name Janusz Korczak was a pseudonym he adopted in 1898 at the beginning of his literary career. In his pedagogical work in the orphanages, he was also called The Old Doctor or Mister Doctor among both the children and coworkers. Korczak is known as a Pole-Jew, a doctor, a writer (who authored books for children and adults as well as a number of literary and specialist publications), an educator, a pedagogue, a social activist, a researcher of the world of children, a ...