Bullying is a complex phenomenon, and although a universally accepted definition has not yet evolved, there is substantial consensus on critical elements that distinguish it from other forms of aggressive behavior. Bullying is understood as a form of aggressive behavior that is intentional, involves an imbalance of power, and is repeated over time. From the point of view of the victim, bullying is defined as repeated exposure to negative actions on the part of one or more persons, from which the victim has difficulty defending himself or herself.

The most common form of bullying causes emotional harm or distress and includes teasing, name-calling, and ridicule. Physical bullying includes hitting, kicking, pushing, and other means of inflicting physical pain. A third form of bullying, social bullying, is ...

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