Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Cultural Factors

Numerous studies have been conducted on risk factors of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but research examining the role of cultural factors is limited, as participation in research is hindered by parental beliefs across different cultures. Studies also show that parental understanding about ADHD etiology affects the type of services they seek in relation to child problem behaviors, thus affecting sampling and leading to the refusal of patients to participate in research.

Parental practices and principles vary across cultures and are influenced by ethnicity, religion, and values. For example, a study conducted on Iranian children found that parents may not be aware of the extent of their child’s problem behaviors; some families even refuse treatment due to fear of stigmatization. These perceptions were influenced by a lack of ...

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