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Personality Disorders: Psychological Factors
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), personality disorders (PDs) refer to a class of disorders characterized by a long-lasting pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates from a person’s culture in important ways. Ten PDs are described in the DSM-5: (1) paranoid, (2) schizoid, (3) schizotypal, (4) antisocial, (5) borderline, (6) histrionic, (7) narcissistic, (8) avoidant, (9) dependent, and (10) obsessive-compulsive. These PDs are organized into three clusters. Cluster A is broadly defined by odd and eccentric behavior (paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal PDs). Cluster B is defined by erratic, dramatic behavior (antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic PDs) and Cluster C, by anxious and fearful behavior (avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive PDs). Functioning in the PDs is impaired ...
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