Personality Disorders: Cultural Factors

Worldwide, personality disorders (PDs) are generally categorized and labeled in accordance with standardized criteria. In most cases, this means diagnosis according to either the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), or the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10). In some countries, a local system is used—for example, the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders, Version 3 is used in the People’s Republic of China. Differences between the systems can reflect scientific or political concerns. For example, schizotypal PD is classified as a schizophrenia spectrum disorder in the ICD-10, whereas borderline PD is omitted entirely from the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders, Version 3. Nosological distinctions aside, researchers have generally found highly similar prevalence rates across different systems.

Importantly, these systems share ...

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