Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Risk for

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a common starting point for a range of mental health problems in adolescence and adulthood. A range of factors that increase the risk for ODD have been identified—some related to internal characteristics of the child, others related to the external sociocultural context.

Intrinsic Risk Factors

Neuropsychological Risk Factors

Research carried out over the past few decades has accumulated evidence that some form of neuropsychological impairment is involved in the etiology of ODD. Neuropsychological impairment probably mediates the risk for ODD by causing deficits in executive self-control functions, deficits in general cognitive functioning, and maybe also deficits in spatial and memory functions. Executive function is a complex concept that refers to myriad abilities involved in integrating, prioritizing, and regulating other brain functions. Impaired executive ...

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