Neurodevelopmental disorders are conditions involving abnormal development of the brain and central nervous system during infancy or childhood. These disorders, which vary in etiology and symptomatology, influence the individual’s cognitive, emotional, and social functioning throughout his or her lifetime. There are differences in brain activation patterns, drug response, and short- and long-term course among these disorders. Symptoms often initially appear prior to grade school and affect personal, academic, and occupational functioning in later childhood and adulthood. These symptoms generally follow a steady course rather than remissions and relapses seen with many other psychological disorders. Symptoms may reflect specific skill deficits and differences or more global impairments of social skills and intellectual abilities. In addition, symptoms may represent behaviors in excess of what is expected given ...

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