[Page 2101]The diagnostic categories of major and mild neurocognitive disorders represent new conceptualizations of previously defined dementia and amnestic disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Neurocognitive disorders generally refer to disorders for which the primary clinical deficits are cognitive in nature and therefore represent a decline from a previous level of functioning. Mild neurocognitive disorder (mNCD), in particular, indicates a less severe level of cognitive impairment than is seen in major neurocognitive disorder. Although early cognitive decline due to prodromal neurodegenerative disorders (i.e., mild cognitive impairment) and early stages of medically induced deficits (e.g., cognitive decline due to HIV) have long been recognized by health care fields, only recently has this mild decline been recognized in the DSM ...