True Value
In: Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods
True Value
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412963947.n592
Subject: Survey Research
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A true value, also called a true score, is a psychometric concept that refers to the measure that would have been observed on a construct were there not any error involved in its measurement. Symbolically, this often is represented by X = T + e, where T is the (error-free) true value, e is the error in measurement, and X is the observed score. For example, a survey respondent's true value (t) on a measure (e.g., a 5-item Likert scale measuring attitudes toward her ancestor's native land) might be 13, but her observed score (X) on a given day may be 15 or 17 or 10. There are many reasons why the observed score may deviate from the true value, but the researcher will rarely ...
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