Efficient and standardized measures of substance abuse and dependence are needed to assist in treatment planning, as well as to measure treatment outcomes. When assessing for substance abuse and dependence, it is imperative to employ standardized measures of alcohol and drug use frequency across an extended time, so patterns of use can be better understood. The Timeline Followback (TLFB) procedure is the most widely employed standardized measure that assesses retrospective self-report estimates of substance use. The TLFB method was originally developed in the 1970s to assess alcohol frequency. Since its original development, the TLFB has developed into an assessment measure that can be utilized in a variety of settings and formats. This procedure can also be utilized to assess the frequency of a wide variety ...