The biceps muscle is an integral component of the upper extremity. Injury to the proximal tendon is relatively common in older people and can often be associated with other shoulder pathologies. Injury to its distal tendon is an uncommon injury; nonetheless, it can produce significant functional disability. Many surgical and nonsurgical treatment options exist for these injuries.

Anatomy

Proximally, or at the shoulder, the biceps muscle has two heads, from which its name is derived. The muscle connects to the bone through its tendon, ...

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