SAGE Reference - Sociology of Work: An Encyclopedia

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Tokenism

By: Janice D. Yoder & Alycia Usher Perez
In: Sociology of Work: An Encyclopedia
Edited by: Vicki Smith
Subject:Organizational Psychology, Sociology of Work (general), Organizational Theory
Keywords:gender; gender research; job satisfaction; stereotype threat; stereotypes; tokenism; women

In a workplace context, tokenism refers specifically to a proportional imbalance of workers where less than 15 percent represent a socially designated group (out-group) distinguished from the dominant group (in-group). Most commonly in American culture, this in-group is white ...

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  Yoder, J. D., & Perez, A. U. (2013). Tokenism. In V. Smith (Ed.), Sociology of work: An encyclopedia (Vol. 1, pp. 884-885). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452276199.n314
  
  Yoder, Janice D., and Alycia U. Perez. "Tokenism." In Sociology of Work: An Encyclopedia, edited by Smith, Vicki, 884-85. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2013. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452276199.n314.
  
  Yoder, J. D. and Perez, A. U. 2013. Tokenism. In: Vicki Smith Editor, 2013. Sociology of Work: An Encyclopedia, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. pp. 884-885 Available at: <https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452276199.n314> [Accessed 14 Aug 2022].
  
  Yoder, Janice D. and Alycia U. Perez. "Tokenism." Sociology of Work: An Encyclopedia. Edited by Vicki Smith. Vol. 1. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2013, pp. 884-85. SAGE Knowledge. 14 Aug 2022, doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452276199.n314.
  
  Yoder, Janice D., and Alycia U. Perez (2013). Tokenism In: Smith, Vicki (Ed.),Tokenism Sociology of work: An encyclopedia Vol. 1. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.; 2013:884-885. doi:10.4135/9781452276199.n314
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