Urban Schooling

Children from wealthy urban families have access to high-quality schools and rich extracurricular experiences. Problematic urban schooling is primarily [Page 824]a phenomenon among children from low socioeconomic status (SES) families, often from low SES neighborhoods. In the inner city, urban schools face many challenges within the school (e.g., high teacher and administrator turnover) and within the community (e.g., lower levels of social organization and higher levels of community violence) that put children at risk for not receiving an appropriate preschool through 12th grade education.