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Bernstein, Basil
Basil Bernstein (1924–2000) was a world-recognized sociologist who examined language styles within the context of family and social class. He is most known for his theory of codes, which showed how mother-child and school language influenced the achievement of students and sustained a social class. His work gained attention in the early 1970s during a period dominated by a “deficit model” of low-income populations. Bernstein's theoretical perspectives continue to be addressed in educational research, but also inform a range of social science research.
Background and Achievements
Bernstein attended the London School of Economics and earned a degree in sociology. He later completed a Ph.D. in Linguistics at University College, London. He received a number of honorary doctorates from Athens, Lund, and in Sweden. He was the Karl ...
- Abstract/Concrete Attitudes
- Assimilation Without Acculturation
- Attitude/Achievement Paradox
- Banking Concept of Education
- Concerted Cultivation/Natural Growth
- Cooled Out
- Cultural Capital
- Hidden Curriculum
- Household Educational Resources
- Intergenerational Closure
- Maximally Maintained Inequality
- Meritocracy
- Mobility, Contest Versus Sponsored
- Social Capital
- Summer Setback
- Tournament Track Mobility
- Adolescent Sexual Behavior
- Cheerleading Equity Policy
- Cultural Capital and Gender
- Gender And School Sports
- Gender Inequality: College Enrollment and Completion
- Gender Inequality: College Major
- Gender Inequality: High School Dropout Rates
- Gender Inequality: Mathematics
- Gender Inequality: Occupational Segregation of Teachers
- Gender Inequality: Returns to Educational Investments
- Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Issues and Schooling
- Sex Education
- Sexism in Education
- Single-Sex Education
- Teen Pregnancy and Education
- Title IX
- Women in Math/Science
- Asian Americans
- Black Cultural Capital
- Burden of Acting White
- Ebonics (African American English) and Education
- Immigrant Adaptation
- Immigrants, Children of
- Mexican American Students
- Migrant Students
- Multicultural Navigators
- Multiculturalism/Multicultural Education
- Multiracial Students
- Native American Students
- Noncompliant Believers, Cultural Mainstreamers, and Cultural Straddlers
- Oppositional Culture
- Race and Cultural Capital
- Racial Climate on Campus
- Racial Inequality: Achievement
- Racial Inequality: College Enrollment and Completion
- Racial Inequality: High School Dropout Rates
- Racial Inequality: Returns to Educational Investments
- Racism in Education
- Affluent Children
- Class Inequality: Achievement
- Class Inequality: College Enrollment and Completion
- Class Inequality: High School Dropout Rates
- Digital Divide/Digital Capital
- Poverty and Education
- Savings for College/Education
- Wealth and Education
- Cognitive Skill/Intellectual Skill
- Credit for Work Experience, College Students
- Credit for Work Experience, High School Students
- Earning Potential and Education
- Educational Aspirations/Expectations
- Home Schooling
- Incarcerated Students
- IQ
- Labor Market Effects on Education
- Military Involvement/Military Service
- Neighborhood Effects
- Occupational Aspirations/Expectations
- Online Education
- Residential Mobility and Education
- School Catchment Zones, Politically Defined School Boundaries
- School Mobility and Education
- School-to-Work Transitions
- Student Work and Educational Effects
- Alabama
- Alaska
- American Samoa
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- District of Columbia
- Florida
- Georgia
- Guam, U.S. Virgin Islands
- Hawai'i
- Idaho
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Missouri
- Montana
- Nebraska
- Nevada
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Ohio
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
- Puerto Rico
- Rhode Island
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Tennessee
- Texas
- Utah
- Vermont
- Virginia
- Washington
- West Virginia
- Wisconsin
- Wyoming
- Brown V. Board of Education
- Busing
- Curriculum Standardization
- Educational Policymakers
- Expansion of Education
- Feeder Patterns/Catchment Zones
- Funding of Schools
- Governmental Influences on Education
- Informal Fundraising in Schools
- Leadership in Schools
- Magnet Schools
- No Child Left Behind
- Opportunity to Learn Standards
- Race Sensitive Admission Policies/Affirmative Action
- Race to the Top
- School Reentry
- Content and Text Analysis
- Ethnography
- Feminist Critiques of Educational Research
- Feminist Research Methodology
- International Data
- Longitudinal Studies of Education
- Policy-Oriented Research
- Positivism, Antipositivism, and Empiricism
- Qualitative Research on Education
- Quantitative Research on Education
- Research Paradigms in Educational Studies
- Conflict Theory of Education
- Constructivism
- Critical Discourse Analysis
- Critical Race Theory in Education
- Critical Theory of Education
- Epistemological Issues in Educational Research
- Feminist Critiques of Educational Practices
- Functionalist Theory of Education
- Gender Theories in Education
- Hermeneutics
- Human Capital Theory
- Life Course Perspective and Education
- Montessori
- Phenomenology, Existentialism, and Education
- Postmodernism and Education
- Reggio Emilia Approach
- Resistance Theory
- Sociocultural Approaches to Learning and Development
- Status Attainment
- Waldorf
- Child Care
- Extended Kinship and Education
- Family Structure and Education
- Grandparents' Role in Education
- Homeless Children
- Maternal Education
- Parent Education
- Parental Cultural Capital
- Parental Educational Expectations
- Parental Involvement
- Parent-Teacher Associations
- Reading to Children
- School-Parent Relationships
- Sibling Effects in Education
- Single-Parent Household Structure and Education
- Stepparent Household Structure and Education
- Working Parents
- Afghanistan
- Algeria
- Angola
- Argentina
- Australia
- Austria
- Bahamas
- Bangladesh
- Barbados
- Belgium
- Brazil
- Bulgaria
- Cambodia
- Cameroon
- Canada
- Chile
- China
- Colombia
- Congo, Democratic Republic of the
- Costa Rica
- Cuba
- Czech Republic and Slovakia
- Denmark
- Dominican Republic
- Ecuador
- Egypt
- El Salvador
- Ethiopia
- European Union
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Ghana
- Globalization
- Greece
- Guatemala
- Guyana
- Haiti
- Honduras
- Hong Kong
- Hungary
- India
- Indonesia
- International College Partnerships (Sister Colleges)
- Iran
- Iraq
- Ireland
- Israel
- Italy
- Jamaica
- Japan
- Jordan
- Kenya
- Laos
- Lebanon
- Libya
- Madagascar
- Malaysia
- Mexico
- Morocco
- Myanmar (Burma)
- Nepal
- Netherlands
- New Zealand
- Nicaragua
- Nigeria
- North Korea
- Norway
- Pakistan
- Palestinian Territories
- Panama
- Paraguay
- Peru
- Philippines
- Poland
- Portugal
- Romania
- Russia
- Rwanda
- Saudi Arabia
- Singapore
- South Africa
- South Korea
- Spain
- Sudan
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- Syria
- Taiwan
- Tanzania
- Thailand
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Turkey
- Uganda
- Ukraine
- United Kingdom
- Uzbekistan
- Venezuela
- Vietnam
- Yemen
- Adolescence
- Age Grouping of Students
- Childhood
- Classroom Dynamics
- Classroom Interactions Between Students
- Early Childhood
- Intergenerational Closure
- Morale in Schools
- Political Activism (Student) and Student Movements
- Popularity in School
- Self-Esteem
- Student Attachment to School
- Student Roles in the Classroom
- Youth Cultures and Subcultures
- Youth Friendship and Conflict in Schools
- Adult Education
- Adult Literacy
- Advanced Degrees
- Black Colleges and Universities, Historically
- College Advising
- College Proximity
- College Transferring
- Community Colleges
- International College Partnerships (Sister Colleges)
- Liberal Arts Education
- Overeducation
- Service Learning
- Administration of Education
- Alternative and Second Chance Education
- Catholic Schools
- Private Schools
- Religious Education
- Resource Allocation in Schools
- School Organization
- School Size/Class Size
- Schools as Bureaucracies
- Aggressive Behaviors in Classrooms
- Corporal Punishment
- Discipline in Education
- Drinking and Education, Adolescent
- Drug Use and Education
- Suspensions
- Tardiness
- Truancy
- Violence in Schools
- Ability Grouping
- Advanced and Honors Classes
- After-School Programs
- Agricultural Education
- At-Risk Students
- Baccalaureate Education, Pre-International
- Bilingual Education
- Blind Students
- Boarding Schools
- Charter Schools
- Classroom Language
- De Facto Tracking
- Deaf Students
- De-Tracking
- Disabled Students
- Dropouts
- Early Graduates
- Elementary Education
- English as a Second Language
- English Proficiency/Fluent English Proficient Students
- Extracurricular Activities
- Failing Schools
- Field Trips
- For-Profit Education
- Grade Inflation
- Grading
- Head Start
- High School Exit Exams
- Homework
- Immersion
- International Baccalaureate Education
- Libraries, School
- Magnet Schools
- Museums
- Music Education
- Physical Education
- Preschool Programs
- Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC)
- Rural Schooling
- School Choice
- School Effects
- Secondary Education
- Skipping Grades
- Social Promotion and Grade Retention
- Special Education
- Sports and Schools
- Standardized Testing
- Study Abroad
- Summer School
- Technology Education
- Technology in the Classroom
- Television and Education
- Textbooks
- Theater Education
- Tracking
- Transitions, School
- Urban Schooling
- Voucher Programs
- Year-Round School
- Classroom Interactions: Teachers and Students
- Deskilling of the Teaching Profession
- Ethics in Education
- Guidance Counselors, Role of
- Professional Socialization of Teachers
- School Counseling
- Social Psychological Theories of Teaching
- Social Role of the Teacher
- Social Status of Teachers
- Student-Teacher Racial Mismatch
- Student/Teacher Ratio
- Teacher Attrition
- Teacher Decision-Making Power
- Teacher Expectations
- Teacher Placement and Staffing
- Teacher Recruitment, Induction, and Retention
- Training of Teachers
- Underqualified Teachers
- Unions of Teachers
- Bell Curve, The
- Bernstein, Basil
- Bidwell, Charles
- Bloom, Allen
- Bowles, Samuel and Herbert Gintis
- Brookover, Wilbur B.
- Coleman Report, The
- Dewey, John
- Durkheim, Émile
- Freire, Paulo
- Hallinan, Maureen
- Hauser, Robert
- Jencks, Christopher
- Kerckhoff, Alan C.
- Lareau, Annette
- MacLeod, Jay
- Marx, Karl (Marxism and Education)
- Meyer, John
- Nation at Risk, A
- Oakes, Jeannie
- Rousseau, Jean-Jacques
- Sewell, William
- Weber, Max
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