SAGE Reference - The SAGE Encyclopedia of Social Science Research Methods

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Symmetric Measures

In: The SAGE Encyclopedia of Social Science Research Methods
Edited by: Michael S. Lewis-Beck, Alan Bryman & Tim Futing Liao
Subject:Research Methods
Keywords:correlation; Pearson's correlation coefficient; phi coefficient

Symmetric measures of ASSOCIATION describe the relationship between two variables X and Y without differentiating if either variable is an antecedent (or independent variable) or a consequent (or dependent variable). Examples of symmetric measures include PEARSON CORRELATION COEFFICIENT, SPEARMAN CORRELATION, Goodman ...

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  Lewis-Beck, M. S., Bryman, A., & Liao, T. F. (2004). Symmetric measures. In The SAGE encyclopedia of social science research methods (Vol. 1, pp. 1106-1108). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412950589.n993
  
  Lewis-Beck, Michael S., Alan Bryman, and Tim F. Liao. "Symmetric Measures." In The SAGE Encyclopedia of Social Science Research Methods, edited by Lewis-Beck, Michael S., Alan Bryman, and Tim F. Liao, 1106-8. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2004. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412950589.n993.
  
  Lewis-Beck, M. S., Bryman, A. and Liao, T. F. 2004. Symmetric Measures. In: Michael S. Lewis-Beck, Alan Bryman and Tim F. Liao Editors, 2004. The SAGE Encyclopedia of Social Science Research Methods, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. pp. 1106-1108 Available at: <https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412950589.n993> [Accessed 22 May 2022].
  
  Lewis-Beck, Michael S., et al. "Symmetric Measures." The SAGE Encyclopedia of Social Science Research Methods. Edited by Vol. 1. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2004, pp. 1106-8. SAGE Knowledge. 22 May 2022, doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412950589.n993.
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