SAGE Reference - The SAGE Encyclopedia of Social Science Research Methods

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Correlation

In: The SAGE Encyclopedia of Social Science Research Methods
Edited by: Michael S. Lewis-Beck, Alan Bryman & Tim Futing Liao
Subject:Research Methods
Keywords:causal effects; correlation

Generally speaking, the notion of correlation is very close to that of association. It is the statistical association between two variables of interval or ratio measurement level.

To begin with, correlation should not be confused with causal effect. Indeed, statistical research into ...

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  Lewis-Beck, M. S., Bryman, A., & Liao, T. F. (2004). Correlation. In The SAGE encyclopedia of social science research methods (Vol. 1, pp. 200-203). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412950589.n178
  
  Lewis-Beck, Michael S., Alan Bryman, and Tim F. Liao. "Correlation." In The SAGE Encyclopedia of Social Science Research Methods, edited by Lewis-Beck, Michael S., Alan Bryman, and Tim F. Liao, 200-203. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2004. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412950589.n178.
  
  Lewis-Beck, M. S., Bryman, A. and Liao, T. F. 2004. Correlation. In: Michael S. Lewis-Beck, Alan Bryman and Tim F. Liao Editors, 2004. The SAGE Encyclopedia of Social Science Research Methods, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. pp. 200-203 Available at: <https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412950589.n178> [Accessed 15 Aug 2022].
  
  Lewis-Beck, Michael S., et al. "Correlation." The SAGE Encyclopedia of Social Science Research Methods. Edited by Vol. 1. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2004, pp. 200-203. SAGE Knowledge. 15 Aug 2022, doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412950589.n178.
  
  Lewis-Beck, Michael S., Alan BrymanTim F. Liao (2004). Correlation In:Correlation The SAGE encyclopedia of social science research methods Vol. 1. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.; 2004:200-203. doi:10.4135/9781412950589.n178
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