SAGE Reference - Encyclopedia of Social Problems

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Gangs

In: Encyclopedia of Social Problems
Edited by: Vincent N. Parrillo
Subject:Social Policy (general)

Gangs composed of young persons, as distinct from organized criminal syndicates, arose in America by the mid-19th century and were a concern for city leaders from the time they first appeared. The first serious piece of research on the subject did ...

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  Parrillo, V. N. (2008). Gangs. In Encyclopedia of social problems (Vol. 1, pp. 386-388). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412963930.n225
  
  Parrillo, Vincent N. "Gangs." In Encyclopedia of Social Problems, edited by Parrillo, Vincent N., 386-88. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2008. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412963930.n225.
  
  Parrillo, V. N. 2008. Gangs. In: Vincent N. Parrillo Editor, 2008. Encyclopedia of Social Problems, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. pp. 386-388 Available at: <https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412963930.n225> [Accessed 26 May 2022].
  
  Parrillo, Vincent N. "Gangs." Encyclopedia of Social Problems. Edited by Vol. 1. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2008, pp. 386-88. SAGE Knowledge. 26 May 2022, doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412963930.n225.
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