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Professionalization of Police
The development of professional standards for American policing, as well as the advancement of the concept of policing as a profession, developed during the early decades of the 20th century in reaction to various problems and challenges encountered by early municipal-level police agencies during that time. Police professionalism remains an evolving, and to a certain extent subjective, concept.
Tenets of Police Professionalism
There is some debate as to whether policing constitutes a profession at all and instead might be more accurately deemed an occupation or job. Even within law enforcement, there ...
- Arpaio, Joseph M.
- Adversarial Justice
- An American Tragedy
- Abortion
- Anarchists
- Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798
- Alabama
- American Revolution and Criminal Justice
- Child Abuse, Contemporary
- Atlanta, Georgia
- American Bar Association
- Automobile and the Police
- Adams, John (Administration of)
- African Americans
- Ableman v. Booth
- Augustus, John
- Alcatraz Island Prison
- Autobiographies, Criminals'
- Adultery
- Bakker, Jim
- Anti-Federalist Papers
- Chicago, Illinois
- Alaska
- Court of Common Pleas
- Child Abuse, History of
- Baltimore, Maryland
- American Civil Liberties Union
- Ballistics
- Adams, John Quincy (Administration of)
- Chinese Americans
- Abrams v. United States
- Beaumont, Gustave de
- American Law Institute
- Buntline, Ned
- Bigamy/Polygamy
- Berkowitz, David
- Articles of Confederation
- Las Vegas, Nevada
- Arizona
- Court of Oyer and Terminer
- Child Abuse, Sociology of
- Birmingham, Alabama
- Bertillon System
- Arthur, Chester (Administration of)
- Civil Disobedience
- Adair v. United States
- Blackstone, William
- Antitrust Law
- Christie, Agatha
- Blood Sports
- Billy the Kid
- Los Angeles, California
- Arkansas
- Court of Quarter Sessions
- Child Murderers, History of
- Camden, New Jersey
- Border Patrol
- Buchanan, James (Administration of)
- Civil Rights Laws
- Barron v. Mayor of Baltimore
- Brennan, William J., Jr.
- Appeals
- Dime Novels, Pulps, Thrillers
- Bootlegging
- Bodine, Polly
- Miami, Florida
- California
- Courts of Indian Offenses
- Children, Abandoned
- Cincinnati, Ohio
- Knapp Commission
- Bounty Hunters
- Buren, Martin Van (Administration of)
- Codification of Laws
- Bowers v. Hardwick
- Brockway, Zebulon
- Appellate Courts
- Film, Crime in
- Burglary, Contemporary
- Boles, Charles
- Bail Reform Act
- New York City
- Colorado
- Coverture, doctrine of
- Children's Rights
- Cleveland, Ohio
- Ku Klux Klan
- Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
- Bush, George H. W. (Administration of)
- Criminalization and Decriminalization
- Brandenburg v. Ohio
- Burger, Warren
- Attica
- Film, Police in
- Burglary, History of
- Bonnie and Clyde
- Bible
- Newark, New Jersey
- Connecticut
- Equality, Concept of
- Compton, California
- Law Enforcement Assistance Administration
- Code of Silence
- Bush, George W. (Administration of)
- Fear of Crime
- Brown v. Board of Education
- Bush, George H. W. (Administration of)
- Bail and Bond
- Film, Punishment in
- Burglary, Sociology of
- Booth, John Wilkes
- Bill of Rights
- Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Delaware
- Great Depression
- Juvenile Corrections, Contemporary
- Dayton, Ohio
- Lawyers Guild
- Community Policing and Relations
- Carter, Jimmy (Administration of)
- Gun Control
- Brown v. Mississippi
- Bush, George W. (Administration of)
- Bedford Hills Correctional Facility
- Grafton, Sue
- Computer Crime
- Borden, Lizzie
- Bodie of Liberties
- San Francisco, California
- Florida
- History of Crime and Punishment in America: Colonial
- Juvenile Corrections, History of
- Detroit, Michigan
- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
- Corruption, Contemporary
- Cleveland, Grover (Administration of)
- Hispanic Americans
- Buck v. Bell
- Byrnes, Thomas
- Capital Punishment
- Green, Anna K.
- Confidence Games and Frauds
- Brocius, William
- Book of the General Lawes & Libertyes
- Georgia
- History of Crime and Punishment in America: 1783–1850
- Juvenile Corrections, Sociology of
- Jackson, Mississippi
- National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement
- Corruption, History of
- Clinton, William (Administration of)
- Insanity Defense
- Caminetti v. United States
- Cummings, Homer
- Chain Gangs and Prison Labor
- Hammett, Dashiell
- Corruption, Contemporary
- Bundy, Ted
- Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
- Hawai'i
- History of Crime and Punishment in America: 1850–1900
- Juvenile Courts, Contemporary
- Kansas City, Missouri
- National Congress on Penitentiary and Reformatory Discipline
- Corruption, Sociology of
- Coolidge, Calvin (Administration of)
- Irish Americans
- Chandler v. Florida
- Darrow, Clarence
- Chillicothe Correctional Institution
- Hillerman, Tony
- Corruption, History of
- Capone, Al
- Civil Rights Act of 1866
- Idaho
- History of Crime and Punishment in America: 1900–1950
- Juvenile Courts, History of
- Memphis, Tennessee
- National Organization for Women
- Crime Prevention
- Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Administration of)
- Italian Americans
- Chisholm v. Georgia
- Devery, William
- Citizen Participation on Juries
- Literature and Theater, Crime in
- Corruption, Sociology of
- Chapman, Mark David
- Civil Rights Act of 1875
- Illinois
- History of Crime and Punishment in America: 1950–1970
- Juvenile Delinquency, History of
- New Orleans, Louisiana
- National Prison Association
- Crime Scene Investigation
- Fillmore, Millard (Administration of)
- Japanese Americans
- Cohens v. Virginia
- Dewey, Thomas E.
- Civil Rights Laws
- Literature and Theater, Police in
- Counterfeiting
- Cunningham, Emma
- Clayton Anti-Trust Act of 1914
- Indiana
- History of Crime and Punishment in America: 1970-Present
- Juvenile Delinquency, Sociology of
- Oakland, California
- Penitentiary Study Commission
- Customs Service as Police
- Ford, Gerald (Administration of)
- Jewish Americans
- Coker v. Georgia
- Douglas, William O.
- Clemency
- Literature and Theater, Punishment in
- Crime and Arrest Statistics Analysis
- Czolgosz, Leon
- Colonial Charters and Grants
- Iowa
- Homeland Security
- Juvenile Justice, History of
- St. Louis, Missouri
- President's Commission on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice
- Detection and Detectives
- Grant, Ulysses S. (Administration of)
- Libertarianism
- Crabtree v. State
- Garfield, James
- Clinton Correctional Facility
- Memoirs, Police and Prosecutors
- Crime in America, Causes
- Dahmer, Jeffrey
- Constitution of the United States of America
- Kansas
- Prohibition
- Juvenile Offenders, Prevention and Education
- Washington, D.C.
- Securities and Exchange Commission
- Drug Enforcement Administration
- Harding, Warren G. (Administration of)
- Morality
- Davis v. State
- Giuliani, Rudolph
- Codification of Laws
- Music and Crime
- Crime in America, Distribution
- DeSalvo, Albert
- Kentucky
- Puritans
- Juvenile Offenders in Adult Courts
- Students for a Democratic Society and the Weathermen
- Federal Bureau of Investigation
- Harrison, Benjamin (Administration of)
- Native Americans
- Dennis v. United States
- Hamilton, Alexander
- Colonial Courts
- News Media, Crime in
- Crime in America, Types
- Dillinger, John
- Declaration of Independence
- Louisiana
- Salem Witch Trials
- School Shootings
- Wickersham Commission
- Federal Policing
- Hayes, Rutherford B. (Administration of)
- Obscenity Laws
- Dillard v. the State of Georgia
- Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Jr.
- Common Law Origins of Criminal Law
- News Media, Police in
- Crime Rates
- Everleigh Sisters
- Dyer Act
- Maine
- Victorian Compromise
- Lindsey, Ben
- Forensic Science
- Hoover, Herbert (Administration of)
- Political Dissidents
- Dred Scott v. Sandford
- Hoover, J. Edgar
- Community Service
- News Media, Punishment in
- Criminology
- Ferguson, Colin
- Elkins Act of 1903
- Maryland
- Incapacitation, Theory of
- Jackson, Andrew (Administration of)
- Quakers
- Duren v. Missouri
- Jefferson, Thomas
- Comstock Law
- Domestic Violence, Contemporary
- Floyd, Charles Arthur
- Emergency Quota Act of 1921
- Massachusetts
- Internal Revenue Service
- Jefferson, Thomas (Administration of)
- Racism
- Eisenstadt v. Baird
- Kennedy, Robert F.
- Confession
- Poe, Edgar Allen
- Domestic Violence, History of
- Gacy, John Wayne
- Enforcement Acts of 1870–1871
- Michigan
- Interrogation Practices
- Johnson, Andrew (Administration of)
- Sin
- Estes v. Texas
- King, Martin Luther, Jr.
- Convict Lease System
- Spillane, Mickey
- Domestic Violence, Sociology of
- Genovese, Vito
- English Charter of Liberties of 1100
- Minnesota
- Military Police
- Slavery
- Fletcher v. Peck
- Kunstler, William
- Corporal Punishment
- Television, Crime in
- Drinking and Crime
- Gotti, John
- Espionage Act of 1917
- Mississippi
- Miranda v. Arizona
- Kennedy, John F. (Administration of)
- Urbanization
- Frontiero v. Richardson
- La Guardia, Fiorello
- Corrections
- Television, Police in
- Drug Abuse and Addiction, Contemporary
- Guiteau, Charles
- Ethics in Government Act of 1978
- Missouri
- M'Naghten Test
- Lincoln, Abraham (Administration of)
- Xenophobia
- Furman v. Georgia
- Leopold and Loeb
- Courts
- Television, Punishment in
- Drug Abuse and Addiction, History of
- Hauptmann, Bruno
- Federalist Papers
- Montana
- Mug Shots
- Madison, James (Administration of)
- Gates v. Collier
- Livingston, Edward
- Critical Legal Studies Movement
- To Kill a Mockingbird
- Drug Abuse and Addiction, Sociology of
- James, Jesse
- Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure
- Nebraska
- Narcotics Laws
- McKinley, William (Administration of)
- Gibbons v. Ogden
- Marshall, John
- Cruel and Unusual Punishment
- Wambaugh, Joseph
- Embezzlement
- Kaczynski, Ted
- Freedom of Information Act of 1966
- Nevada
- National Police Gazette
- Monroe, James (Administration of)
- Gideon v. Wainwright
- McCarthy, Joseph
- Death Row
- Environmental Crimes
- Kevorkian, Jack
- Fugitive Slave Act of 1793
- New Hampshire
- Native American Tribal Police
- Nixon, Richard (Administration of)
- Glidewell v. State
- Ness, Eliot
- Defendant's Rights
- Espionage
- Klebold, Dylan, and Eric Harris
- Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
- New Jersey
- Police, Women as
- Obama, Barack (Administration of)
- Gregg v. Georgia
- Paine, Thomas
- Deportation
- Felonies
- Leopold and Loeb
- Habeas Corpus Act of 1679
- New Mexico
- Police Abuse
- Pierce, Franklin (Administration of)
- Griffin v. California
- Parker, William
- Deterrence, Theory of
- Fornication Laws
- Luciano, “Lucky”
- Habeas Corpus Act of 1863
- New York
- Political Policing
- Polk, James K. (Administration of)
- Griswold v. Connecticut
- Penn, William
- Discretionary Decision Making
- Fraud
- Manson, Charles
- Harrison Act of 1914
- North Carolina
- Posses
- Reagan, Ronald (Administration of)
- Grutter v. Bollinger
- Percival, Robert V.
- District Attorney
- Frontier Crime
- Homestead Act of 1862
- North Dakota
- Private Detectives
- Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Administration of)
- Holden v. Hardy
- Ragen, Joseph
- Due Process
- Gambling
- Menendez, Lyle and Erik
- Independent Treasury Act
- Ohio
- Private Police
- Roosevelt, Theodore (Administration of)
- Holt v. Sarver
- Rockefeller, Nelson
- Eastern State Penitentiary
- Gangs, Contemporary
- Mudgett, Herman
- Indian Civil Rights Act
- Oklahoma
- Private Security Services
- Taft, William Howard (Administration of)
- Hurtado v. California
- Roosevelt, Theodore (Administration of)
- Electric Chair, History of
- Gangs, History of
- Muhammad, John Allen
- Indian Removal Act
- Oregon
- Professionalization of Police
- Taylor, Zachary (Administration of)
- Johnson v. Avery
- Snyder, Ruth
- Electronic Surveillance
- Gangs, Sociology of
- Nelson, “Baby Face”
- Internal Security Act of 1950
- Pennsylvania
- Reform, Police and Enforcement
- Truman, Harry S. (Administration of)
- Korematsu v. United States
- Steenburgh, Sam
- Elmira Prison
- Guns and Violent Crime
- Nitti, Frank
- Interstate Commerce Act of 1887
- Rhode Island
- Rural Police
- Tyler, John (Administration of)
- Lochner v. New York
- Sutherland, Edwin
- Executions
- Hereditary Crime
- Oswald, Lee Harvey
- Intolerable Acts of 1774
- South Carolina
- Secret Service
- Washington, George (Administration of)
- Loving v. Virginia
- Thaw, Harry K.
- Famous Trials
- Identity Theft
- Peterson, Scott
- Judiciary Act of 1789
- South Dakota
- Sheriffs
- Wilson, Woodrow (Administration of)
- Mapp v. Ohio
- Thoreau, Henry David
- Federal Prisons
- Immigration Crimes
- Rader, Dennis
- Landrum-Griffin Act of 1859
- Tennessee
- State Police
- Marbury v. Madison
- Tocqueville, Alexis de
- Fingerprinting
- Incest
- Ramirez, Richard
- Law Enforcement Assistance Act
- Texas
- Strikes
- Martin v. Hunter's Lessee
- Vollmer, August
- Fish and Game Laws
- Indecent Exposure
- Ray, James Earl
- Laws and Liberties of Massachusetts
- Utah
- Technology, Police
- McCleskey v. Kemp
- Walling, George
- Fornication Laws
- Infanticide
- Rothstein, Arnold
- Lindbergh Law
- Vermont
- Texas Rangers
- McCulloch v. Maryland
- Warren, Earl
- Gender and Criminal Law
- Kidnapping
- Sacco and Vanzetti
- Magna Carta
- Virginia
- Training Police
- McNabb v. United States
- Wickersham, George
- Habeas Corpus, Writ of
- Larceny
- Schultz, “Dutch”
- Mann Act
- Washington
- Uniform Crime Reporting Program
- Minor v. Happersett
- Wilson, James Q.
- Hanging
- Livestock and Cattle Crimes
- Sheppard, Sam
- Maryland Toleration Act of 1649
- West Virginia
- Vice Reformers
- Miranda v. Arizona
- Wilson, O. W.
- Judges and Magistrates
- Lynchings
- Simpson, O. J.
- Mayflower Compact
- Wisconsin
- Vigilantism
- Mississippi v. Johnson
- Zeisel, Hans
- Juries
- Moonshine
- Sirhan Sirhan
- National Security Act of 1947
- Wyoming
- Muller v. Oregon
- Jurisdiction
- Murder, Contemporary
- Smith, Susan
- Northwest Ordinance of 1787
- Munn v. Illinois
- Justice, Department of
- Murder, History of
- Torrio, John
- Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968
- Olmstead v. United States
- Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary
- Murder, Sociology of
- Wuornos, Aileen
- Pendleton Act of 1883
- Padilla v. Kentucky
- Legal Counsel
- Murders, Unsolved
- Yates, Andrea
- Presidential Proclamations
- People v. Pinnell
- Matteawan State Hospital
- Obscenity
- Zodiac Killer
- Proclamation for Suppressing Rebellion and Sedition of 1775
- People v. Superior Court of Santa Clara County
- Military Courts
- Organized Crime, Contemporary
- Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
- Plessy v. Ferguson
- “New Punitiveness”
- Organized Crime, History of
- Reports on Prison Conditions
- Procunier v. Martinez
- Parole
- Organized Crime, Sociology of
- Sedition Act of 1918
- Reynolds v. United States
- Penitentiaries
- Pickpockets
- Selective Service Act of 1967
- Ricci v. DeStefano
- Petty Courts
- Political Crimes, Contemporary
- Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890
- Roberts v. Louisiana
- Plea
- Political Crimes, History of
- Smith Act
- Roe v. Wade
- Prison Privatization
- Political Crimes, Sociology of
- Stamp Act of 1765
- Romer v. Evans
- Prison Riots
- Pornography
- State Blue Laws
- Roth v. United States
- Prisoner's Rights
- Prostitution, Contemporary
- State Slave Codes
- Santobello v. New York
- Probation
- Prostitution, History of
- Tea Act of 1773
- Schenck v. United States
- Punishment Within Prison
- Prostitution, Sociology of
- Townshend Acts of 1767
- Sheppard v. Maxwell
- Race, Class, and Criminal Law
- Race-Based Crimes
- USA PATRIOT Act of 2001
- Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States
- Reform Movements in Justice
- Rape, Contemporary
- Vice Commission
- State v. Heitman
- Rehabilitation
- Rape, History of
- Violence Against Women Act of 1994
- Strauder v. West Virginia
- Rule of Law
- Rape, Sociology of
- Volstead Act
- Taylor v. State
- San Quentin State Prison
- Religion and Crime, Contemporary
- Terry v. Ohio
- Segregation Laws
- Religion and Crime, History of
- Texas v. White
- Sentencing
- Religion and Crime, Sociology of
- Twining v. New Jersey
- Sentencing: Indeterminate Versus Fixed
- Riots
- United States v. Ballard
- Sex Offender Laws
- Robbery, Contemporary
- United States v. E. C. Knight Company
- Shaming and Shunning
- Robbery, History of
- United States v. Hudson and Goodwin
- Sing Sing Correctional Facility
- Robbery, Sociology of
- United States v. Nixon
- Slavery, Law of
- Serial and Mass Killers
- United States v. One Book Called Ulysses
- Supreme Court, U.S.
- Sex Offenders
- Webb v. United States
- Suspect's Rights
- Sexual Harassment
- Weeks v. United States
- Torture
- Smuggling
- Whitney v. California
- Trials
- Sodomy
- Wolf v. Colorado
- Victim Rights and Restitution
- Tax Crimes
- Yates v. United States
- Witness Testimony
- Terrorism
- Women in Prison
- Theories of Crime
- Traffic Crimes
- Vagrancy
- Victimless Crime
- Violent Crimes
- White-Collar Crime, Contemporary
- White-Collar Crime, History of
- White-Collar Crime, Sociology of
- Women Criminals, Contemporary
- Women Criminals, History of
- Women Criminals, Sociology of
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