The current U.S. National Science Board (NSB) report series Science and Engineering Indicators[Page 710]was one of the products of the planning, programming, and budgeting system (PPBS) that Robert McNamara introduced into the federal government during the Kennedy and Johnson administrations. In 1964, President Lyndon Johnson mandated the use of PPBS throughout the federal government. In the 1968 amendments to the National Science Foundation Act (Pub. L. No. 90-407), a requirement was added for the National Science Board (NSB) to make an annual report to the president and Congress on the state of science in the United States. This statutory requirement led to the creation of a series of Science Indicators reports in 1972, which was modified in 1987 to become the current Science and Engineering ...