Science journalists and other communicators of scientific information often write about—or otherwise respond to—a variety of ethical controversies that arise in research, such as claims about falsified data or the mistreatment of subjects in research. Frequently, when the topic of research ethics is raised, a discussion of “human subjects research” follows. However, research ethics encompasses a broader domain that includes issues beyond those involving the participation of human beings in research or the performance of unethical behavior. Research ethics includes values, regulations, guidelines, and norms that structure how research should be conducted. Further, although the perception tends to be that the focus of research ethics is about forms of misconduct, it is [Page 633]not merely about wrongdoing. Research ethics also addresses the more “positive” facets ...