Dictionaries typically define learning as the act of acquiring knowledge and skills through observation, study, or instruction, but this definition needs to be clarified to be of use to school psychologists. The process of learning is complex and many factors influence its occurrence. This article will more clearly define the concept of learning, examine the historical development of current theories, consider instructional practices that enhance learning, and describe the importance of understanding learning to school psychology.

It is easy to think of learning as a product or an out-come. When a parent asks Elizabeth what she learned [Page 284]in school that day, the parent is viewing learning as a product. The parent expects Elizabeth to list some specific facts or skills that she acquired. Some theories ...