A Latin square is a grid or matrix containing the same number of rows and columns (k, say). The cell entries consist of a sequence of k symbols (for instance, the integers from 1 to k) inserted in such a way that each symbol occurs only once in each row and once in each column of the grid. By way of an example, Table 1 shows a Latin square that contains the numbers from 1 to 5. This entry describes the classification of Latin squares, their origins in agricultural experiments, and their applications in the social and behavioral sciences.

Table 1 Latin Square Design

Table 1 is an example of a standard form, in that the numbers in the first row and the numbers in the first ...