SAGE Reference - Encyclopedia of Research Design

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Confounding

In: Encyclopedia of Research Design
Edited by: Neil J. Salkind
Subject:Research Design

Confounding occurs when two variables systematically covary. Researchers are often interested in examining whether there is a relationship between two or more variables. Understanding the relationship between or among variables, including whether those relationships are causal, can ...

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  Salkind, N. J. (2010). Confounding. In Encyclopedia of research design (Vol. 1, pp. 221-222). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412961288.n70
  
  Salkind, Neil J. "Confounding." In Encyclopedia of Research Design, edited by Salkind, Neil J., 221-22. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2010. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412961288.n70.
  
  Salkind, N. J. 2010. Confounding. In: Neil J. Salkind Editor, 2010. Encyclopedia of Research Design, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. pp. 221-222 Available at: <https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412961288.n70> [Accessed 11 Aug 2022].
  
  Salkind, Neil J. "Confounding." Encyclopedia of Research Design. Edited by Vol. 1. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2010, pp. 221-22. SAGE Knowledge. 11 Aug 2022, doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412961288.n70.
  
  Salkind, Neil J. (2010). Confounding In:Confounding Encyclopedia of research design Vol. 1. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.; 2010:221-222. doi:10.4135/9781412961288.n70
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