SAGE Reference - Encyclopedia of Research Design

Entry
Reader's guide
Entries A-Z
Subject index

Last Observation Carried Forward

In: Encyclopedia of Research Design
Edited by: Neil J. Salkind
Subject:Research Design
Keywords:drop outs

Last observation carried forward (LOCF) is a method of imputing missing data in longitudinal studies. If a person drops out of a study before it ends, then his or her last observed score on the dependent variable is used for all ...

Tools
Tools icon close
- Add to list Added to list Added
- Download PDFopens in new window
- Cite
  
  Cite icon close
  
  Format APA
  
  Salkind, N. J. (2010). Last observation carried forward. In Encyclopedia of research design (Vol. 1, pp. 687-688). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412961288.n211
  
  Salkind, Neil J. "Last Observation Carried Forward." In Encyclopedia of Research Design, edited by Salkind, Neil J., 687-88. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2010. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412961288.n211.
  
  Salkind, N. J. 2010. Last Observation Carried Forward. In: Neil J. Salkind Editor, 2010. Encyclopedia of Research Design, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. pp. 687-688 Available at: <https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412961288.n211> [Accessed 18 May 2022].
  
  Salkind, Neil J. "Last Observation Carried Forward." Encyclopedia of Research Design. Edited by Vol. 1. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2010, pp. 687-88. SAGE Knowledge. 18 May 2022, doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412961288.n211.
  copy to clipboard
  or
  
  Export to your reference manager Endnote
  
  Export
  
  Cancel
- Share
  
  Share icon close
  
  Share via
  
  Email
  
  Please log in from an authenticated institution or log into your member profile to access the email feature.
  
  Sign in/register
- Text size
  
  Text Size close
  
  small
  
  Medium
  
  Large
  
  Cancel
- Embed
  
  Embed icon close
  
  Embed this Content
  Add this content to your learning management system or webpage by copying the code below into the HTML editor on the page. Look for the words HTML or </>. Learn More about Embedding icon link (opens in new window)
  
  Embed code:
  
  Copy to clipboard
  
  Cancel
- Get link
  
  Get link icon close
  
  Link to this page directly with a permalink:
  https://sk.sagepub.com/Reference/researchdesign/n211.xml
  
  Copy to clipboard
  
  Cancel
On this page
On this page icon close
On this page

Data resources

Document resources

Video resources

Sign in to access this content

Get a 30 day FREE TRIAL

Watch videos from a variety of sources bringing classroom topics to life
Read modern, diverse business cases
Explore hundreds of books and reference titles

Last Observation Carried Forward

Sign in to access this content

Get a 30 day FREE TRIAL

Read next

More like this

SAGE Recommends