SAGE Reference - Encyclopedia of Research Design

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Hawthorne Effect

In: Encyclopedia of Research Design
Edited by: Neil J. Salkind
Subject:Research Design
Keywords:Hawthorne effect

The term Hawthorne effect refers to the tendency for study participants to change their behavior simply as a result of being observed. Consequently, it is also referred to as the observer effect. This tendency undermines the integrity of the conclusions researchers ...

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  Salkind, N. J. (2010). Hawthorne effect. In Encyclopedia of research design (Vol. 1, pp. 561-563). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412961288.n174
  
  Salkind, Neil J. "Hawthorne Effect." In Encyclopedia of Research Design, edited by Salkind, Neil J., 561-63. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2010. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412961288.n174.
  
  Salkind, N. J. 2010. Hawthorne Effect. In: Neil J. Salkind Editor, 2010. Encyclopedia of Research Design, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. pp. 561-563 Available at: <https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412961288.n174> [Accessed 26 May 2022].
  
  Salkind, Neil J. "Hawthorne Effect." Encyclopedia of Research Design. Edited by Vol. 1. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2010, pp. 561-63. SAGE Knowledge. 26 May 2022, doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412961288.n174.
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