SAGE Reference - Encyclopedia of Race and Crime

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Universal Negro Improvement Association

In: Encyclopedia of Race and Crime
Edited by: Helen Taylor Greene & Shaun L. Gabbidon
Subject:Race, Ethnicity & Crime, Ethnic Studies

The Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) and African Communities League was history's first Black empowerment movement of massive proportions, with its apex occurring in the United States during the 1920s. The organization still exists today, but it experienced a ...

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  Greene, H. T., & Gabbidon, S. L. (2009). Universal negro improvement association. In Encyclopedia of race and crime (Vol. 1, pp. 830-832). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412971928.n341
  
  Greene, Helen T., and Shaun L. Gabbidon. "Universal Negro Improvement Association." In Encyclopedia of Race and Crime, edited by Greene, Helen Taylor., and Shaun L. Gabbidon, 830-32. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2009. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412971928.n341.
  
  Greene, H. T. and Gabbidon, S. L. 2009. Universal Negro Improvement Association. In: Helen T. Greene and Shaun L. Gabbidon Editors, 2009. Encyclopedia of Race and Crime, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. pp. 830-832 Available at: <https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412971928.n341> [Accessed 15 Aug 2022].
  
  Greene, Helen T. and Shaun L. Gabbidon. "Universal Negro Improvement Association." Encyclopedia of Race and Crime. Edited by Vol. 1. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2009, pp. 830-32. SAGE Knowledge. 15 Aug 2022, doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412971928.n341.
  
  Greene, Helen T., and Shaun L. Gabbidon (2009). Universal negro improvement association In:Universal negro improvement association Encyclopedia of race and crime Vol. 1. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.; 2009:830-832. doi:10.4135/9781412971928.n341
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