SAGE Reference - Encyclopedia of Race and Crime

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Opium Wars

In: Encyclopedia of Race and Crime
Edited by: Helen Taylor Greene & Shaun L. Gabbidon
Subject:Race, Ethnicity & Crime, Ethnic Studies
Keywords:opium

The Opium Wars were conflicts between China and the United Kingdom from 1839 to 1842 and 1856 to 1860. Britain defeated China in both wars and coerced the Chinese government into signing treaties opening up foreign trade, including British importation of ...

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  Greene, H. T., & Gabbidon, S. L. (2009). Opium wars. In Encyclopedia of race and crime (Vol. 1, pp. 609-610). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412971928.n246
  
  Greene, Helen T., and Shaun L. Gabbidon. "Opium Wars." In Encyclopedia of Race and Crime, edited by Greene, Helen Taylor., and Shaun L. Gabbidon, 609-10. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2009. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412971928.n246.
  
  Greene, H. T. and Gabbidon, S. L. 2009. Opium Wars. In: Helen T. Greene and Shaun L. Gabbidon Editors, 2009. Encyclopedia of Race and Crime, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. pp. 609-610 Available at: <https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412971928.n246> [Accessed 15 Aug 2022].
  
  Greene, Helen T. and Shaun L. Gabbidon. "Opium Wars." Encyclopedia of Race and Crime. Edited by Vol. 1. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2009, pp. 609-10. SAGE Knowledge. 15 Aug 2022, doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412971928.n246.
  
  Greene, Helen T., and Shaun L. Gabbidon (2009). Opium wars In:Opium wars Encyclopedia of race and crime Vol. 1. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.; 2009:609-610. doi:10.4135/9781412971928.n246
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