CONSERVATISM IS A MODERN way of thinking that favors historical continuity and the establishment, proposes the maintenance of traditional institutions, and opposes changes in the status quo ante. It has become a major political force, exerted strong social impact, and disseminated reactionary values. Therefore, it can take the form of an ideology, a political organization, or a cultural movement.

Conservative ideas became aroused in the 18th century as an anti-intellectual initiative against liberalism. As a political group and a party in the 19th century, conservatives reacted against liberals in the British parliament and against modernists and revolutionaries in Europe. They gained force in the 20th century as an anti-revolutionary movement opposing the Soviet revolution and the spread of communism after World War II. Later on, they ...