- Entry
- Reader's guide
- Entries A-Z
- Subject index
Working Time
Working time is the primary resource that organizations use to measure, coordinate, regulate, and control labor in exchange for money. It is a commodity that is usually divided into equal units such as hours, weeks, months, and years and has a ...
- Approaches to Management Theory
- Classical Management
- Critical Management Education
- Critical Management Studies
- Cross-Cultural Management
- Engineering-Managerial Discourse
- Entrepreneurship
- Hawthorne Studies
- High Involvement Management
- Human Relations School
- International Management
- Management and Organization of Local Governments
- Management and Public Policy
- Management Consultants
- Management Fashions and Fads
- Management Learning
- Managerial and Organizational Cognition
- Managerial Capitalism
- Managerial Rationality
- Managerial Revolution
- Managerialism
- Masculinities and Management
- New Public Management
- Scientific Management
- Strategic Management
- Theory X
- Theory Y
- Theory Z
- Total Quality Management
- Approaches to Organization Theory
- Actor-Network Theory
- Autopoiesis
- Behavioral Theory of the Firm
- Chaos Theory
- Classical Management
- Closed System Approach
- Collective Social Phenomena
- Complex Organizations
- Complexity Theory
- Configuration Theory
- Convergence Model
- Critical Management Studies
- Critical Modernists
- Cybernetics
- Deinstitutionalization
- Economic Sociology
- Engineering-Managerial Discourse
- Environmental Determinism
- Equity Theory
- Ergonomics
- Evolutionary Theory
- Expectancy Theory
- Formal Organizations
- Functionalism
- Gendered Organization
- General Systems Theory
- Hawthorne Studies
- Hermeneutics
- Historical Analysis of Organization Theory
- Human Relations School
- Institutional Isomorphism
- Institutional Legitimacy
- Institutional Theory
- Interaction Analysis
- Interactionism
- Interpretive Theory
- Life Cycle
- Literary Theory
- Long-Wave Theory
- Management Fashions and Fads
- Managerialism
- McDonaldization
- Metaphor and Organization
- Middle-Range Theory
- Narratives
- Neocontingency Model
- Neoinstitutional Theory
- New Institutionalism
- New Public Management
- Open Systems
- Organization Theory, Historical Analysis
- Organizational Adaptation
- Organizational Demography
- Organizational Ecology
- Organizational Economics
- Organizational Environments
- Organizational Field
- Organizational Rhetoric
- Organizational Theory
- Positive Organizational Scholarship
- Postcolonial Theory
- Public Choice Theory
- Radical Feminism
- Radical Humanism
- Rational Choice Theory
- Resource Dependence
- Resource-Based View of the Firm
- Social Constructionism
- Social Identity Theory
- Social System
- Social Theory
- Sociological Approach
- Sociology of Work and Employment
- Strategic Choice
- Structural Contingency Theory
- Structural Functionalism
- Structuration
- Symbolic Interactionism
- Theory X
- Theory Y
- Theory Z
- Time-Space Relations
- Transnational/Postcolonial Feminist Theorizing
- Viable System Model
- Culture and Symbolism
- Aesthetics of Organization
- Alterity (Otherness)
- Anthropology
- Archetypes
- Authenticity
- Consumer Culture
- Corporate Citizenship
- Corporate Culture
- Corporate Values
- Cross-Cultural Management
- Cultural Capital
- Cultural Intelligence
- Dramaturgy
- Enterprise Culture
- Ethnicity
- Fashion
- Humor
- Hypocrisy
- Identity
- Integrity
- Language and Organizations
- Liminality
- Magic in Organizing
- Management and Public Policy
- Managerial Cultural Capital
- Masculinities and Management
- Multiculturalism
- Music and Work
- Narcissism
- National Culture
- Organizational Culture
- Organizational Rituals
- Organizational Subcultures
- Organizational Symbolism
- Organizational Taboos
- Popular Culture
- Reverse Culture Shock
- Self-Employment Identities
- Sexuality
- Socialization
- Utopia
- Human Resource Management
- Balanced Scorecard
- Boundaryless Career
- Coaching
- Contingent Employment
- Contingent Workers
- Downsizing
- Employment Relations
- Glass Ceiling
- Human Resource Management
- Industrial Relations
- International Human Resources Management
- Job Evaluation
- Job Satisfaction
- Labor and Offshoring
- Labor Relations
- Outsourcing
- Performance Appraisal
- Performance-Driven Evaluation
- Professions
- Recruiting
- Reengineering
- Strategic Human Resource Management
- Training
- Unemployment
- Unionism
- Wage Inequities
- Worker Rights
- Work-Family Balance
- Working Time
- Workplace Incivility
- Innovation and Creativity
- International Approaches
- International Business
- International Human Resources Management
- International Management
- Internationalization School
- Japanese Management
- Organizational Literature, African
- Organizational Literature, Anglo-Saxon
- Organizational Literature, Arabic
- Organizational Literature, Asian
- Organizational Literature, Brazilian
- Organizational Literature, Eastern European
- Organizational Literature, Francophone
- Organizational Literature, Germanic
- Organizational Literature, Latin American
- Organizational Literature, Scandinavian
- Transnational Corporations
- Issues in Organizational Structure
- Absorptive Capacity
- Adhocracies
- Architecture and Organizations
- Bureaucracy
- Bureaucratization
- Decentralization
- Demographic Process
- Design Space Management
- Downsizing
- Ecological Change
- Fit
- Five Forces
- Hierarchy
- Locus of Control
- Loose Coupling
- Machine Bureaucracy
- Management and Organization of Local Governments
- Matrix Organization
- Mechanistic Organizations
- Military Organization
- Minimal Network
- Minimal Structure
- Multidivisional Form
- Multisubsidiary Form
- Nongovernmental Organizations
- Nonprofit Organizations
- Organic Organizations
- Organizational Design
- Organizational Evolution
- Organizational Rules
- Organizational Structure
- Post-Bureaucratic Organizations
- Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
- Spatial Organization
- Structural Determinism
- Virtual Organization
- Virtual Reality
- Issues in Organization Practices
- Balanced Scorecard
- Boundaryless Career
- Complexity of Decision Making
- Contingent Employment
- Contingent Workers
- Control
- Conversation
- Coordination
- Corporate Branding
- Dehumanization
- Diversity
- Dynamic Capabilities
- Effectiveness
- Emotional Patterns in Organizations
- Gender Division
- Gender Stereotypes
- Human Resource Management
- Information
- Irrationality
- Job Evaluation
- Just-in-Time Management
- Karoshi
- Lean Production
- Managerial Revolution
- Normal Accidents
- Organizational Capabilities
- Organizational Citizenship Behaviors
- Organizational Discourse
- Organizational Identity
- Organizational Image
- Organizational Man
- Organizational Misbehavior
- Organizational Mortality
- Organizational Paradox
- Organizational Paranoia
- Ownership and Control
- Panopticism
- Participation
- Perceived Organizational Support
- Performance Appraisal
- Performance-Driven Evaluation
- Play
- Practice
- Procedural Justice
- Procrastination
- Project Management
- Recruiting
- Reengineering
- Risk Management
- Scenario Planning
- Scientific Management
- Strategic Human Resource Management
- Strategic Management
- Total Quality Management
- Vertical Integration
- Knowledge and Learning
- Action Learning
- Actionable Knowledge
- Adaptive Learning
- Adult Learning
- Business Journalism
- Coaching
- Communities of Practice
- Cultural Intelligence
- Dialogue
- Diffusion
- Emotional Intelligence
- Entrepreneurship
- Experiential Learning
- Explicit Knowledge
- Exploitation
- Information
- Information Processing
- Knowledge
- Knowledge Creation
- Knowledge Management
- Knowledge-Intensive Firms
- Learning
- Learning Organization
- Learning, Double-Loop
- Management Learning
- Managerial and Organizational Cognition
- Organizational Knowledge
- Organizational Learning
- Professional Service Firms
- Professions
- Skill
- Storytelling
- Tacit Knowledge
- Training
- Leadership Theory
- Organizational Behavior
- Action
- Affect
- Asset Specificity
- Attitudes
- Attribution Theory
- Bounded Emotionality
- Clinical Perspective
- Cohesion
- Emotion
- Followership
- Goal-Setting Theory
- High Involvement Management
- Identification
- Impression Management
- Individualism
- Influence
- Intergroup Conflict
- Job Satisfaction
- Leadership Theory
- Leadership, Charisma
- Leadership, Dispersed
- Leadership, Servant
- Leadership, Styles
- Leadership, Transactional
- Leadership, Transformational
- Morale
- Motivation
- Negotiation
- Operant Conditioning
- Opportunistic Behavior
- Organizational Behavior
- Organizational Climate
- Organizational Memory
- Organizational Performance
- Organizational Resilience
- Organizational Routines
- Organizational Spirituality
- Organizational Stigma
- Organizational Therapy
- Organizational Toxicity
- Personality, Five-Factor Model
- Self-Efficacy
- Subjectivity
- Trust
- Values
- Organizational Cognition, Change, and Communication
- Bounded Rationality
- Cognitive Approach
- Cognitive Dissonance
- Cognitive Mapping
- Communication
- Communicative Action
- Decision-Making Theory
- Garbage Can Model
- Institutional Entrepreneurship
- Managerial Rationality
- Organizational Change
- Organizational Communication
- Organizational Development
- Positive Psychology
- Prisoner's Dilemma
- Psychological Contract
- Psychological Safety
- Resistance to Change
- Sensemaking
- Organizational Economics
- Agency
- Agency Theory
- Business History
- Capital Markets
- Coase Theorem
- Competition
- Competitive Advantage
- Corporate Governance
- Economic Rationalism
- Free-Rider Problem
- Game Theory
- Joint-Stock Companies
- Law and Economics
- Market-Based Theory
- Moral Hazard
- Multinational Enterprises
- Neoclassical Economics
- Shareholders
- Transaction Cost Theory
- Utilitarianism
- Value Chains
- Organizational Power, Politics, and Conflict
- Alterity (Otherness)
- Authoritarianism
- Authority
- Coercion
- Compliance
- Conflict
- Cynicism
- Discipline
- Discrimination
- Domination
- Empowerment
- Glass Ceiling
- Governmentality
- Hegemony
- Human Rights
- Ideology
- Iron Law of Oligarchy
- Labor and Offshoring
- Labor Relations
- Oppression
- Organizational Democracy
- Organizational Justice
- Organizational Politics
- Political Economy of Organizations
- Politics
- Politics of Organizational Culture
- Power
- Punishment and Violence in Organizations
- Slavery
- Strategic Discourse
- Subordination
- Surveillance
- Sweatshops
- Violence
- Wage Inequities
- Worker Rights
- Workplace Incivility
- Organizational Relations
- Alliances
- Business Networks
- Buyer-Supplier Relationships
- Coalitions
- Collaboration and Cooperation
- Collectivism
- Communities of Practice
- Complex Adaptive Systems
- Employment Relations
- Guanxi
- Industrial Relations
- Interorganizational Relations and Collaboration
- Keiretsu
- Network Coevolution
- Network Society and Organizations
- Networks
- Organizational Strategy
- Outsourcing
- Stakeholders
- Strategic Alliances
- Philosophy of Organizations
- Agency-Structure Debate
- Analytical Empiricism
- Antirationalism
- Antirealism
- Constructivism
- Critical Realism
- Critical Theory
- Deconstruction
- Disorganization
- Epistemic Communities
- Epistemology
- Foucauldian Turn
- Frankfurt School
- Grand Narratives
- Humanism
- Improvisation
- Incommensurability
- Lacanian Psychoanalysis
- Logical Positivism
- Modernism
- Objectivity
- Ontology
- Organizational Existentialism
- Organizational Philosophy
- Paradigm Incommensurability
- Paradigms
- Phenomenology
- Philosophy of Science
- Positivism
- Postmodernism
- Poststructuralism
- Pragmatism
- Realism
- Relativism
- Theory Building
- Truth
- Research Practice and Methodology
- Action Research
- Arts and Organizations
- Behaviorism
- Critical Analysis
- Cross-Level Analysis
- Data
- Delphi Technique
- Discourse Analysis
- Emergent Theory
- Emic
- Ethnography
- Ethnomethodology
- Etic
- Genealogical Analysis
- Grounded Theory Building
- Measurement
- Meta-Analysis
- Organizational Anthropology
- Organizational Ethnography
- Paradox
- Prescriptive Theory
- Psychoanalytic Approach
- Qualitative Approaches
- Qualitative Interview
- Quantitative Models and Methods
- Reflexivity
- Replication Strategy
- Triangulation
- Value-Free Conception of Science
- Social Issues
- Accountability
- Accounting, Impact on Organizations and Society
- Activism
- Business Ethics
- Capital Movement, Migration, and Maquiladoras
- Capitalism, Models of
- Civil Society
- Class
- Clusters
- Community and Organizations
- Conservatism
- Corporate Crime and Corruption
- Corporate Social Responsibility
- Critical Management Education
- Environmentalism and Organizations
- Family Business
- Global Village
- Globalization
- Industrial Democracy
- Industrial Revolution
- Informal Economy
- Liberal Technologies of Regulation
- Liberalism
- Managerial Capitalism
- Marginalization
- Modernity
- Neoliberalism and Organization
- Post-Fordist Economy
- Postmodernity
- Protestant Ethic
- Regionalization and Capital Movement
- Social Capital
- Social Movements
- Sustainable Development
- Unemployment
- Unionism
- Virtue Ethics
- Work-Family Balance
- Working Time
- Teams
- Technologies
- Call Centers
- Computer-Based Learning
- Computer-Based Simulation Research
- Computer-Mediated Communication
- Digital Divide
- E-Commerce
- High-Risk Technologies and Organizations
- Human Engineering
- Human-Computer Interaction
- Information and Communication Technology
- Sociotechnical Systems
- Technological Determinism
- Technology
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