SAGE Reference - Encyclopedia of New Media

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Emoticons

By: Theresa M. Senft
In: Encyclopedia of New Media
Edited by: Steve Jones
Subject:General Media, Communication & Cultural Studies
Keywords:computers; computing; cyberspace; emoticons; emotion; facial expressions; software

Emoticons (a contraction of the words “emotional icons”) are glyphs used in computer-mediated communications, meant to represent facial expressions. When the Internet was entirely text-based, emoticons were rendered in ASCII, and read by tilting one's head to the left, as the ...

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  Senft, T. (2003). Emoticons. In S. Jones (Ed.), Encyclopedia of new media (pp. 178-178). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412950657.n92
  
  Senft, Theresa M. "Emoticons." In Encyclopedia of New Media, edited by Jones, Steve, 178-178. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2003. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412950657.n92.
  
  Senft, T. 2003. Emoticons. In: Steve Jones Editor, 2003. Encyclopedia of New Media, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. pp. 178 Available at: <https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412950657.n92> [Accessed 27 May 2022].
  
  Senft, Theresa M. "Emoticons." Encyclopedia of New Media. Edited by Steve Jones. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2003, pp. 178-178. SAGE Knowledge. 27 May 2022, doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412950657.n92.
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