Encyclopedia of New Media

Theresa M. Senft

doi:10.4135/9781412950657

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Emoticons

By: Theresa M. Senft
In:Encyclopedia of New Media
Chapter DOI:https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412950657
Subject:General Media, Communication & Cultural Studies
Keywords:computers; computing; cyberspace; emoticons; emotion; facial expressions; software

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Emoticons (a contraction of the words “emotional icons”) are glyphs used in computer-mediated communications, meant to represent facial expressions. When the Internet was entirely text-based, emoticons were rendered in ASCII, and read by tilting one's head to the left, as the ...

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  Senft, T. (2003). Emoticons. In Encyclopedia of New Media (pp. 178-178). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412950657
  
  Senft, Theresa M. "Emoticons." In Encyclopedia of New Media, edited by Senft, Theresa M., 178-178. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2003. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412950657.
  
  Senft, T. 2003. Emoticons. In: Encyclopedia of New Media. Theresa M. Senft Editor, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. pp. 178 Available at: <https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412950657> [Accessed 8 Dec 2023].
  
  Senft, Theresa M. "Emoticons." Encyclopedia of New Media. Edited by Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2003, pp. 178-178. Sage Knowledge, doi: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412950657.
  
  Senft, Theresa M.. Emoticons. In Encyclopedia of New Media. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.; 2003: 178-178. doi:10.4135/9781412950657
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