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Self-Esteem
Self-esteem has been discussed in the psychology literature for more than half a century. It is associated with general psychological well-being, depression, hopelessness, anxiety, social isolation, and motivation. In addition, racial and ethnic differences with respect to self-esteem have been documented.
Self-Esteem Defined
According to the most widely cited definition, proposed by Morris Rosenberg in 1965, self-esteem is an individual's overall appraisal of himself or herself. This appraisal is made by examining the totality of the individual and includes reflections on identity (who one is); life products (what one does); possessions (what one has); appearance (what one looks like); and associations and attachments (to whom one is connected). Within each characteristic, a number of tangible (e.g., physical appearance, financial assets) and intangible (e.g., reputation, power) qualities influence ...
- Conceptual Issues
- Acculturation
- Acculturative Stress
- African/Black Psychology
- Africentric
- Attribution
- Biracial Identity
- Blaming the Victim
- Collectivism
- Community Psychology
- Context Communication
- Coping Mechanisms
- Critical Race Theory
- Cross-Cultural Psychology
- Cultural Barriers
- Culture
- Emic Versus Etic Distinction
- Ethnic and Racial Identity
- Ethnic Gloss
- Ethnic Identity Development
- Ethnic Minority Elderly Individuals
- Ethnic Minority Youth
- Ethnic Research
- Ethnicity
- Ethnocentric Monoculturalism
- Ethnocentrism
- Eugenics
- External-Internal Control
- Health Issues
- Individualism
- Intelligence Tests
- Intergroup Relations
- John Henryism
- Language Proficiency
- Marginality
- Mental Health
- Minority Status
- Model Minority Myth
- Models of Mental Health
- Models of Second-Culture Acquisition
- Multicultural Counseling
- Multicultural Counseling Competencies
- Multicultural Personality
- Multiculturalism
- Neuropsychology
- Organizational Diversity
- Race
- Race Psychology
- Racial Identity Development
- Racial Identity Models
- Religion
- Self-Esteem
- Social Justice/Action
- Somatization
- Spirituality
- Teaching Racial Identity
- Tokenism/Psychology of Tokenism
- Translation Methods
- Uncle Tom Syndrome
- White Privilege
- White Racial Identity
- Worldviews
- Xenophobia
- Cultural Concerns
- Academic Achievement and Minority Individuals
- Anti-Semitism
- Bilingual Education
- Certificate of Degree of Indian Blood
- Cultural Barriers
- Dozens
- Drug Abuse Prevention in Ethnic Minority Youth
- Emic Versus Etic Distinction
- Equal Employment Opportunity
- Ethnic and Racial Identity
- Ethnic Identity Development
- Ethnocentric Monoculturalism
- Ethnocentrism
- Eugenics
- Filial Piety
- Help-Seeking Behavior
- Historical Trauma (Native Americans)
- Institutional Racism
- Instrument Development for Ethnic Minority Research
- Intelligence Tests
- Intergroup Relations
- Internalized Racism
- Internment of Japanese Americans
- Interpreters
- Intraracial Violence
- John Henryism
- Language Proficiency
- Marginality
- Minority Status
- Multiculturalism
- Parenting Practices Across Families of Color
- Poverty
- Powerlessness
- Psychopharmacology
- Race
- Racial Identity Development
- Racism and Discrimination
- Religion
- Scholastic Assessment Test
- Self-Disclosure
- Self-Esteem
- Socioeconomic Status
- Spirituality
- Stress
- Tokenism/Psychology of Tokenism
- Translation Methods
- Transracial Adoption
- Uncle Tom Syndrome
- White Privilege
- White Racial Identity
- Women of Color
- Worldviews
- Xenophobia
- Ethnic Groups
- African Americans and Mental Health
- Alaska Natives
- Asian/Pacific Islanders
- Biracial
- Chicanas/Chicanos
- Chinese Americans
- Cuban Americans
- Filipino Americans
- Hispanic Americans
- Immigrants
- Japanese Americans
- Korean Americans
- Mexican Americans
- Multiracial Individuals
- Native Americans
- Puerto Rican Americans
- Refugees
- Sexual Minority Status in People of Color
- Southeast Asian Americans
- Vietnamese Americans
- Indigenous Concerns
- Cholo/Chola
- Culture-Bound Syndromes
- Culture-Bound Syndromes: Amok
- Culture-Bound Syndromes: Ataque de Nervios
- Culture-Bound Syndromes: Bilis, Colera
- Culture-Bound Syndromes: Brain Fag
- Culture-Bound Syndromes: Dhat
- Culture-Bound Syndromes: Falling Out, Blacking Out
- Culture-Bound Syndromes: Ghost Sickness
- Culture-Bound Syndromes: Hwa-byung
- Culture-Bound Syndromes: Koro
- Culture-Bound Syndromes: Latah
- Culture-Bound Syndromes: Mal de Ojo
- Culture-Bound Syndromes: Nervios
- Culture-Bound Syndromes: Qigong Psychotic Reaction
- Culture-Bound Syndromes: Shenjing Shuairuo
- Culture-Bound Syndromes: Shin-byung
- Culture-Bound Syndromes: Susto
- Culture-Bound Syndromes: Taijin Kyofusho
- Culture-Bound Syndromes: Zar
- Familismo
- Filial Piety
- Indigenous Treatments and Healers
- Indigenous Treatments: Coining
- Indigenous Treatments: Cuento Therapy
- Indigenous Treatments: Cupping
- Indigenous Treatments: Curanderismo
- Indigenous Treatments: Dichos
- Indigenous Treatments: Moxibustion
- Indigenous Treatments: Shamans
- Indigenous Treatments: Sobadores
- Machismo
- Religious/Spiritual Beliefs: Espiritismo
- Religious/Spiritual Beliefs: Fatalismo
- Religious/Spiritual Beliefs: Marianismo
- Religious/Spiritual Beliefs: Personalismo
- Religious/Spiritual Beliefs: Santería
- Measurement
- Acculturation Measures
- Acculturation Scales: Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans–II
- Acculturation Scales: African American Acculturation Scale
- Acculturation Scales: Asian American Multidimensional Acculturation Scale
- Acculturation Scales: Bidimensional Acculturation Scale for Hispanics
- Acculturation Scales: East Asian Acculturation Measure
- Acculturation Scales: Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics
- Acculturation Scales: Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation Scale
- Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale
- Ethnic Identity Development Measures
- Ethnic Identity Development Measures: Asian Values Scale
- Ethnic Identity Development Measures: Bicultural Involvement Scale
- Ethnic Identity Development Measures: Cross Racial Identity Scale
- Ethnic Identity Development Measures: Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure
- Ethnic Identity Development Measures: Orthogonal Cultural Identification Scale
- Ethnic Identity Development Measures: Racial Identity Attitude Scale
- Ethnic Research
- Instrument Development for Ethnic Minority Research
- Measures of Racial Prejudice
- Measures of Racial Prejudice: Modern Racism Scale
- Projective Testing
- Qualitative Methods
- Scholastic Assessment Test
- Professional Organizations
- American Counseling Association
- American Psychological Association
- Asian American Psychological Association
- Association of Black Psychologists
- Bureau of Indian Affairs
- Committee on Ethnic Minority Affairs
- Council of National Psychological Associations for the Advancement of Ethnic Minority Interests
- Indian Health Service
- National Latina/o Psychological Association
- Office of Ethnic Minority Affairs
- Society for the Psychological Study of Ethnic Minority Issues
- Society of Indian Psychologists
- Psychopathology
- Alcohol/Substance Use and Abuse
- Anxiety Disorders in Ethnic Minorities
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
- Child Abuse: Overview
- Child Abuse: Physical
- Dementia
- Depression
- Disabilities
- Domestic Violence
- Drapetomania
- Drug Abuse Prevention in Ethnic Minority Youth
- DSM-IV
- Eating Disorders
- Mental Health
- Personality Disorders
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
- Schizophrenia
- Sexual Abuse
- Somatization
- Suicide
- Sociological Issues
- Bell Curve, The
- Academic Achievement and Minority Individuals
- Accessibility of Health Care
- Affirmative Action
- Americans With Disabilities Act
- Anti-Semitism
- Biculturalism
- Bilingual Education
- Bilingualism
- Census Statistics
- Certificate of Degree of Indian Blood
- Child Abuse: Overview
- Child Abuse: Physical
- Disabilities
- Domestic Violence
- Drug Abuse Prevention in Ethnic Minority Youth
- Education
- Equal Employment Opportunity
- Ethnic and Racial Identity
- Ethnic Identity Development
- Ethnic Minority Elderly Individuals
- Ethnic Minority Youth
- Ethnicity
- Ethnocentric Monoculturalism
- Ethnocentrism
- Eugenics
- Head Start
- Health Issues
- Historical Trauma (Native Americans)
- HIV/AIDS Prevention
- Immigrants
- Institutional Racism
- Intelligence Tests
- Intergroup Relations
- Internalized Racism
- Internment of Japanese Americans
- Intraracial Violence
- Marginality
- Mental Health
- Model Minority Myth
- Multiculturalism
- Multiracial Individuals
- Organizational Diversity
- Parenting Practices Across Families of Color
- Poverty
- Powerlessness
- Race
- Racial Identity Development
- Racism and Discrimination
- Refugees
- Religion
- Sexual Abuse
- Sexual Minority Status in People of Color
- Social Justice/Action
- Socioeconomic Status
- Stress
- Transracial Adoption
- White Privilege
- White Racial Identity
- Women of Color
- Treatment
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
- Community Interventions
- Ethnic Minority Counselors
- Family Therapy
- Health Issues
- Help-Seeking Behavior
- Indian Health Service
- Indigenous Treatments and Healers
- Indigenous Treatments: Coining
- Indigenous Treatments: Cuento Therapy
- Indigenous Treatments: Cupping
- Indigenous Treatments: Curanderismo
- Indigenous Treatments: Dichos
- Indigenous Treatments: Moxibustion
- Indigenous Treatments: Shamans
- Indigenous Treatments: Sobadores
- Interpreters
- Multicultural Counseling
- Multicultural Counseling Competencies
- Psychopharmacology
- Rapport
- Translation Methods
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