Media, Mothers in

There is a distinction between the sociohistorical category of mothers (real women engaged in parenting and who differ by race, age, adoption practices, sexual orientation, immigration status, and economic class) and media representations of motherhood, which reflect dominant cultural norms of white, hetero-normative, middle-class values and fears. These representations eclipse mothers from marginalized groups or deploy them as representations against which normative mothering is defined. There are dominant representations, both in entertainment and the news media, of the ideological work performed by mothers in reflecting, constructing, and resisting norms of motherhood.