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Net Monetary Benefit
Generally, cost-effectiveness analysis expresses the outcome in the cost-effectiveness ratio. This ratio relates the difference in costs of two alternative healthcare interventions to their difference in health effects. Two alternatives may, for example, be two types of pharmacotherapies— that is, a new drug being compared with the old standard treatment. The difference in health effects may be expressed in life years gained, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted, and so on. In a formula, the cost-effectiveness ratio (R) may be written down as
with ΔC the difference in costs and ΔE the difference in health effects.
Obviously, R represents a ratio, limiting its usefulness for understanding the relative sizes of the differences in costs and effects. For example, the ratio does not ...
- Basis for Making the Decision
- Acceptability Curves and Confidence Ellipses
- Beneficence
- Bioethics
- Choice Theories
- Construction of Values
- Cost-Benefit Analysis
- Cost-Comparison Analysis
- Cost-Consequence Analysis
- Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
- Cost-Minimization Analysis
- Cost-Utility Analysis
- Decision Quality
- Distributive Justice
- Dominance
- Equity
- Evaluating Consequences
- Expected Utility Theory
- Expected Value of Perfect Information
- Extended Dominance
- Health Production Function
- League Tables for Incremental Cost-Effectivenes: Ratios
- Marginal or Incremental Analysis, Cost-Effectiveness Ratio
- Monetary Value
- Moral Choice and Public Policy
- Net Benefit Regression
- Net Monetary Benefit
- Nonexpected Utility Theories
- Pharmacoeconomics
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- Toss-Ups and Close Calls
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- Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology
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- Bias
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- Causal Inference and Diagrams
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- Cox Proportional Hazards Regression
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- Regression to the Mean
- Sample Size and Power
- Screening Programs
- Statistical Notations
- Statistical Testing: Overview
- Subjective Probability
- Subset Analysis: Insights and Pitfalls
- Survival Analysis
- Tables, Two-by-Two and Contingency
- Variance and Covariance
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- Weighted Least Squares
- Decision Analysis and Related Mathematical Models
- Applied Decision Analysis
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- Decision Tree: Introduction
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- Declining Exponential Approximation of Life Expectancy
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- Test-Treatment Threshold
- Time Horizon
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- Tree Structure, Advanced Techniques
- Health Outcomes and Measurement
- Complications or Adverse Effects of Treatment
- Cost-Identification Analysis
- Costs, Direct Versus Indirect
- Costs, Fixed Versus Variable
- Costs, Opportunity
- Costs, Out-of-Pocket
- Costs, Semifixed Versus Semivariable
- Costs, Spillover
- Economics, Health Economics
- Efficacy Versus Effectiveness
- Efficient Frontier
- Health Outcomes Assessment
- Health Status Measurement Standards
- Health Status Measurement, Assessing Meaningful Change
- Health Status Measurement, Construct Validity
- Health Status Measurement, Face and Content Validity
- Health Status Measurement, Floor and Ceiling Effects
- Health Status Measurement, Generic Versus Condition-Specific Measures
- Health Status Measurement, Minimal Clinically Significant Differences, and Anchor Versus Distribution Methods
- Health Status Measurement, Reliability and Internal Consistency
- Health Status Measurement, Responsiveness and Sensitivity to Change
- Human Capital Approach
- Life Expectancy
- Morbidity
- Mortality
- Oncology Health-Related Quality of Life Assessment
- Outcomes Research
- Patient Satisfaction
- Regret
- Report Cards, Hospitals and Physicians
- Risk Adjustment of Outcomes
- SF-36 and SF-12 Health Surveys
- SF-6D
- Sickness Impact Profile
- Sunk Costs
- Impact or Weight or Utility of the Possible Outcomes
- Certainty Equivalent
- Chained Gamble
- Conjoint Analysis
- Contingent Valuation
- Cost Measurement Methods
- Decomposed Measurement
- Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs)
- Discounting
- Discrete Choice
- Disutility
- EuroQol (EQ-5D)
- Health Utilities Index Mark 2 and 3 (HUI2, HUI3)
- Healthy Years Equivalents
- Holistic Measurement
- Multi-Attribute Utility Theory
- Person Trade-Off
- Quality of Well-Being Scale
- Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs)
- Quality-Adjusted Time Without Symptoms or Toxicity (Q-TWiST)
- SMARTS and SMARTER
- Split Choice
- Utilities for Joint Health States
- Utility Assessment Techniques
- Willingness to Pay
- Other Techniques, Theories, and Tools
- Artificial Neural Networks
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- Threshold Technique
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- Decision Making in Advanced Disease
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- Decisions Faced by Nongovernment Payers of Healthcare: Managed Care
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- Diagnostic Process, Making a Diagnosis
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- Treatment Choices
- Trust in Healthcare
- The Psychology Underlying Decision Making
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- Conjunction Probability Error
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- Developmental Theories
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- Dynamic Decision Making
- Editing, Segregation of Prospects
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- Errors in Clinical Reasoning
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- Fear
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- Gain/Loss Framing Effects
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- Information Integration Theory
- Intuition Versus Analysis
- Irrational Persistence in Belief
- Judgment
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- Learning and Memory in Medical Training
- Lens Model
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- Managing Variability and Uncertainty
- Memory Reconstruction
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- Preference Reversals
- Probability Errors
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- Procedural Invariance and Its Violations
- Prospect Theory
- Range-Frequency Theory
- Risk Attitude
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- Risk Communication
- Risk Perception
- Scaling
- Social Factors
- Social Judgment Theory
- Stigma Susceptibility
- Support Theory
- Uncertainty in Medical Decisions
- Unreliability of Memory
- Value Functions in Domains of Gains and Losses
- Worldviews
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