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Appendix B: Journalism Freedom: 1980–2008 (Country Ratings from Freedom House) - Lebanon

By: Christopher H. Sterling
In: Encyclopedia of Journalism
Subject:Journalism, Mass Communication

Population (2010, proj.): 4,255,000

Gross National Income per Capita (current, 2007): $5,800

Date of Independence: November 22, 1943 (from the League of Nations mandate under French administration)

Date of Last Constitution: May 23, 1926

Religious and political divisions in Lebanon are reflected in widespread self-censorship by journalists. Criticism of the head of state (or ...

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  Sterling, C. H. (2009). Appendix b: journalism freedom: 1980–2008 (country ratings from freedom house) - lebanon. In Encyclopedia of journalism (Vol. 1, pp. 2004-2004). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://www.doi.org/10.4135/9781412972048.n541
  
  Sterling, Christopher H. "Appendix B: Journalism Freedom: 1980–2008 (Country Ratings from Freedom House) - Lebanon." In Encyclopedia of Journalism, 2004-2004. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412972048.n541.
  
  Sterling, C. H. 2009. Appendix B: Journalism Freedom: 1980–2008 (Country Ratings from Freedom House) - Lebanon. In: 2009. Encyclopedia of Journalism, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. pp. 2004 Available at: <http://www.doi.org/10.4135/9781412972048.n541> [Accessed 27 Jul 2021].
  
  Sterling, Christopher H. "Appendix B: Journalism Freedom: 1980–2008 (Country Ratings from Freedom House) - Lebanon." Encyclopedia of Journalism. Vol. 1. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2009, pp. 2004-2004. SAGE Knowledge. 27 Jul 2021, doi: http://www.doi.org/10.4135/9781412972048.n541.
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