SAGE Reference - Encyclopedia of Journalism

Entry
Reader's guide
Entries A-Z
Subject index

Return to Entries

Appendix B: Journalism Freedom: 1980–2008 (Country Ratings from Freedom House) - Lebanon

By: Christopher H. Sterling
In: Encyclopedia of Journalism
Subject:Journalism, Mass Communication

Population (2010, proj.): 4,255,000

Gross National Income per Capita (current, 2007): $5,800

Date of Independence: November 22, 1943 (from the League of Nations mandate under French administration)

Date of Last Constitution: May 23, 1926

Religious and political divisions in Lebanon are reflected in widespread self-censorship by journalists. Criticism of the head of state (or ...

Tools
Tools icon close
- Add to list Added to list Added
- Download PDFopens in new window
- Cite
  
  Cite icon close
  
  Format APA
  
  Sterling, C. H. (2009). Appendix b: journalism freedom: 1980–2008 (country ratings from freedom house) - lebanon. In Encyclopedia of journalism (Vol. 1, pp. 2004-2004). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://www.doi.org/10.4135/9781412972048.n541
  
  Sterling, Christopher H. "Appendix B: Journalism Freedom: 1980–2008 (Country Ratings from Freedom House) - Lebanon." In Encyclopedia of Journalism, 2004-2004. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412972048.n541.
  
  Sterling, C. H. 2009. Appendix B: Journalism Freedom: 1980–2008 (Country Ratings from Freedom House) - Lebanon. In: 2009. Encyclopedia of Journalism, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. pp. 2004 Available at: <http://www.doi.org/10.4135/9781412972048.n541> [Accessed 30 Jul 2021].
  
  Sterling, Christopher H. "Appendix B: Journalism Freedom: 1980–2008 (Country Ratings from Freedom House) - Lebanon." Encyclopedia of Journalism. Vol. 1. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2009, pp. 2004-2004. SAGE Knowledge. 30 Jul 2021, doi: http://www.doi.org/10.4135/9781412972048.n541.
  copy to clipboard
  or
  
  Export to your reference manager Endnote
  
  Export
  
  Cancel
- Share
  
  Share icon close
  
  Share via
  
  Email
  
  Please log in from an authenticated institution or log into your member profile to access the email feature.
  
  Sign in/register
- Text size
  
  Text Size close
  
  small
  
  Medium
  
  Large
  
  Cancel
- Get link
  
  Get link icon close
  
  Link to this page directly with a permalink: https://sk.sagepub.com/Reference/journalism/n541.xml
  
  Copy to clipboard
  
  Cancel
On this page
On this page icon close
On this page

Data resources

Document resources

Video resources

Sign in to access this content

Get a 30 day FREE TRIAL

Watch videos from a variety of sources bringing classroom topics to life
Read modern, diverse business cases
Explore hundreds of books and reference titles

Appendix B: Journalism Freedom: 1980–2008 (Country Ratings from Freedom House) - Lebanon

Sign in to access this content

Get a 30 day FREE TRIAL

Read next

More like this

SAGE Recommends