SAGE Reference - Encyclopedia of Journalism

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Appendix B: Journalism Freedom: 1980–2008 (Country Ratings from Freedom House) - Laos

By: Christopher H. Sterling
In: Encyclopedia of Journalism
Subject:Journalism, Mass Communication

Population (2010, proj.): 6,436,000

Gross National Income per Capita (current, 2006): $630

Date of Independence: July 19, 1949 (from France)

Date of Last Constitution: Promulgated August 14, 1991

An authoritarian, one-party state, Laos retains tight control over all media. Indeed, all print and broadcast media are owned and journalists are paid by the government. There are no legal safeguards for voicing or ...

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  Sterling, C. H. (2009). Appendix b: journalism freedom: 1980–2008 (country ratings from freedom house) - laos. In Encyclopedia of journalism (Vol. 1, pp. 2002-2002). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412972048.n539
  
  Sterling, Christopher H. "Appendix B: Journalism Freedom: 1980–2008 (Country Ratings from Freedom House) - Laos." In Encyclopedia of Journalism, 2002-2002. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2009. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412972048.n539.
  
  Sterling, C. H. 2009. Appendix B: Journalism Freedom: 1980–2008 (Country Ratings from Freedom House) - Laos. In: 2009. Encyclopedia of Journalism, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. pp. 2002 Available at: <https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412972048.n539> [Accessed 25 Jan 2022].
  
  Sterling, Christopher H. "Appendix B: Journalism Freedom: 1980–2008 (Country Ratings from Freedom House) - Laos." Encyclopedia of Journalism. Vol. 1. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2009, pp. 2002-2002. SAGE Knowledge. 25 Jan 2022, doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412972048.n539.
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