Environmental remediation is a process that aims to remove or reduce the levels of contaminants in soils, groundwater, surface water, air, or other environmental media in order to improve ecological or public health and/or facilitate the redevelopment of a contaminated site. A number of remediation technologies have been developed, some of which are routinely used and others that require further testing for effectiveness in the field. Although remediation is necessary to improve environmental conditions, there may be risks associated with environmental remediation, including the generation of secondary waste streams, the risk of future leaching of contaminants that were immobilized but not degraded, or the emissions of harmful particulate matter. The United States and Europe have implemented various regulatory and statutory approaches to facilitate the environmental ...