The term cradle to cradle refers to a holistic design approach that mimics natural systems. Among its founding principles are the use of fewer materials, less energy, and the creation of little to no waste in the production of the material things that we use every day. It is often abbreviated as C2C. Like biomimicry, cradle to cradle's inspiration is found in nature's biological metabolism, where very little input is required to create complex organisms and diverse materials, and all nutrient cycles are closed. Rather than externalize wastes, which provides a threat to environmental and human health, cradle to cradle turns waste into fuel for the production process. The fate of all materials is considered throughout the life cycle of products, structures, and more. Such ...

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