CLIMATOLOGY IS THE branch of atmospheric science dedicated to the description and analysis of the Earths climate and its biospheric interactions over extended periods of time. Climatology began as the observation and description of weather on subcontinental and continental levels. The Ancient Greeks believed that climates were nothing more than temperature gradients varying along latitude belts. Climatology was primarily observational speculation prior to the dawning of the scientific age, when devices for measuring and studying weather were invented, and the keeping of systematic weather records began.