Since French psychologists Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon developed the first intelligence test, attempts at mapping out and measuring a wide range of cognitive abilities have continued to the present. A test of cognitive abilities consists of a set of cognitive tasks that sample specific types of human performance of interest. These tests can be group or individually administered. Although various tests are developed to measure hypothetical or latent constructs of cognitive ability, they typically range from basic processes or capacities such as [Page 153]processing speed or perceptual accuracy, to higherorder processes and abilities such as complex problem solving or analytic thinking, sometimes involving specific modes of representations (e.g., spatial vs. verbal) and functional contexts (e.g., academic vs. practical). The measurements derived from standardized cognitive ...