Automated georeferencing uses advanced geographic information technologies, such as geoparsing, gazetteer lookup, uncertainty calculation, and outlier checking, to automatically decode and extract geographic information stored in digital text references. For example, field records for biological specimens often include location references in forms such as “2 1/4 mi N of Columbia,” “at the junction of Route 3 and High Street,” “approximately 3 miles upriver of the Johnson ford on White River.” This entry explains the need for this process and introduces the BioGeomancer Web [Page 203]Services/Workbench developed by an international consortium of natural history and geospatial data experts to address this need.