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Remittances
Remittances, in their most common usage, are the transfer of a portion of a migrant worker's wages back to his or her family. A more encompassing definition of remittances includes so-called social remittances: the sending of products (foodstuff, electronics, automobiles, etc.) and the transfer of ideas formed and beliefs adopted from migrant destination workplaces to native communities. In this entry, remittances will refer to the simple monetary definition.
Figure 1 Global remittance flows 2007
Source: International Monetary Fund. (2008). Balance of payment statistics yearbook. Washington, DC: Author.
Remittances are an important geographic phenomenon due to the sheer volume and extent of monetary flow from more affluent to poorer nations and the fact that they are disproportionately received by poorer members of these developing countries. Such wealth transfer ...
- Physical Geography: Biogeography
- Adaptive Radiation
- Animal Geographies
- Biodiversity
- Biogeochemical Cycles
- Biogeography
- Biome: Boreal Forest
- Biome: Desert
- Biome: Midlatitude Deciduous Forest
- Biome: Midlatitude Grassland
- Biome: Tropical Deciduous Forest
- Biome: Tropical Rain Forest
- Biome: Tropical Savanna
- Biome: Tropical Scrub
- Biome: Tundra
- Bioregionalism
- Biosphere Reserves
- Biota and Climate
- Biota and Soils
- Biota and Topography
- Biota Migration and Dispersal
- Coral Reef
- Ecoregions
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- Ecosystem Decay
- Ecosystems
- Ecotone
- Exotic Species
- Extinctions
- Gaia Theory
- Great American Exchange
- Human-Induced Invasion of Species
- Invasion and Succession
- Island Biogeography
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- Nutrient Cycles
- Organophosphates
- Peat
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- Phosphorus Cycle
- Prairies
- Pyrogeography
- Resilience
- Single Large or Several Small (SLOSS) Debate
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- Taphonomy
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- Physical Geography: Climatology
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- Anthropogenic Climate Change
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- Human Geography: Economic Geography
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- Fordism
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- Regional Economic Development
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- Remittances
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- Rural Development
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- Satellites and Geography
- Space of Flows
- Spatial Fix
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- Telecommunications and Geography
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- Underdevelopment
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- Human Geography: Geographical Theory
- Absolute Space
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- Behavioral Geography
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- Critical Human Geography
- Cultural Turn
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- World-Systems Theory
- Human Geography: Social and Cultural Geography
- Accessibility
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- Architecture and Geography
- Art and Geography
- Automobility
- Blindness and Geography
- Body, Geography of
- Built Environment
- Census
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- Childhood Spatial and Environmental Learning
- Children, Geography of
- Citizenship
- Civil Society
- Class, Geography and
- Communications Geography
- Consumption, Geographies of
- Crime, Geography of
- Cultural Geography
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- Cyberspace
- Demographic Transition
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- Disability, Geography of
- Distance Decay
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- Education, Geographies of
- Elderly, Geography and the
- Emotions, Geography and
- Ethnic Segregation
- Ethnicity
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- Extreme Geography
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- Fertility Rate
- Film and Geography
- Folk Culture and Geography
- Gays and Lesbians, Geography and/of
- Genocide, Geographies of
- Geodemographics
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- Historical Geography
- Home
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- Hunger
- Identity, Geography and
- Immigration
- Indigeneity
- Inequality and Geography
- Justice, Geography of
- Languages, Geography and/of
- Law, Geography of
- Literature, Geography and
- Masculinities and Geography
- Media and Geography
- Mental Maps
- Migration
- Mobility
- Mortality Rate
- Music and Sound, Geography and
- Natural Growth Rate
- Nonvisual Geographies
- Palimpsest
- Patriarchy, Geography and
- Photography, Geography and
- Pilgrimage
- Place Names
- Place Promotion
- Popular Culture, Geography and
- Population Density
- Population Geography
- Population Pyramid
- Psychoanalysis, Geography and
- Racial Segregation
- Refugees
- Religion, Geography and
- Resistance, Geographies of
- Segregation and Geography
- Sexuality, Geography and/of
- Social Geography
- Social Justice
- Spatial Cognition
- Spatial Cognitive Engineering
- Spatial Inequality
- Sports, Geography of
- Surveillance
- Symbolism and Place
- Television and Geography
- Terrorism, Geography of
- Time, Geographies of
- Toponymy
- Topophilia
- Tourism
- Travel Writing, Geography and
- Vernacular Landscapes as Expressions of Environmental Ideas
- Video Games, Geography and
- Virtual Geographies
- Wayfinding
- Whiteness
- Wine, Geography of
- Human Geography: Urban Geography
- Commuting
- Counterurbanization
- Exurbs
- Filtering
- Gated Community
- Gentrification
- Ghetto
- Growth Machine
- Historic Preservation
- Homelessness
- Housing and Housing Markets
- Housing Policy
- Los Angeles School
- Metropolitan Area
- Neighborhood
- New Urbanism
- Not in My Backyard (NIMBY)
- Participatory Planning
- Primate Cities
- Public Housing
- Public Space
- Public-Private Partnerships
- Rank-Size Rule
- Rent-Gap
- Rural-Urban Migration
- Settlement Geography
- Smart Growth
- Squatter Settlements
- Suburban Land Use
- Suburbs and Suburbanization
- Sunbelt
- Sustainable Cities
- Township and Range System
- Urban and Regional Development
- Urban and Regional Planning
- Urban Ecology
- Urban Environmental Studies
- Urban Gardens
- Urban Geography
- Urban Green Space
- Urban Hierarchy
- Urban Land Use
- Urban Planning and Geography
- Urban Policy
- Urban Spatial Structure
- Urban Sprawl
- Urban Underclass
- Urbanization
- World Cities
- Zoning
- Nature and Society: Agriculture
- Agricultural Biotechnology
- Agricultural Intensification
- Agricultural Land Use
- Agriculture, Industrialized
- Agriculture, Preindustrial
- Agrobiodiversity
- Agrochemical Pollution
- Agroecology
- Agrofoods
- Agroforestry
- Aquaculture
- Bush Fallow Farming
- Centers of Domestication
- Crop Genetic Diversity
- Crop Rotation
- Environmental Impacts of Agriculture
- Fish Farming
- Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
- Indigenous Agriculture
- Marine Aquaculture
- Mixed Farming
- Organic Agriculture
- Shifting Cultivation
- Sustainable Agriculture
- Nature and Society: Environment and People
- Adaptive Harvest Management
- Biotechnology and Ecological Risk
- Carrying Capacity
- Chipko Movement
- Class, Nature and
- Corporate Voluntary Environmental Initiatives and Self-Regulation
- Coupled Human and Animal Systems
- Coupled Human and Natural Systems
- Critical Studies of Nature
- Cultural Ecology
- Deep Ecology Movements
- Deforestation
- Desertification
- Domestication of Animals
- Domestication of Plants
- Ecofeminism
- Ecological Economics
- Ecological Footprint
- Ecological Imaginaries
- Ecological Justice
- Ecological Modernization
- Ecological Regimes
- Ecological Risk Analysis
- Ecological Zones
- Ecotourism
- Energy Models
- Energy Policy
- Environment and Development
- Environmental Certification
- Environmental Discourse
- Environmental Entitlements
- Environmental Ethics
- Environmental History
- Environmental Imaginaries
- Environmental Impact Assessment
- Environmental Impact Statement
- Environmental Impacts of Cities
- Environmental Impacts of Manufacturing
- Environmental Impacts of Oil Fields
- Environmental Impacts of Pipelines
- Environmental Impacts of Roads
- Environmental Impacts of Tourism
- Environmental Impacts of War
- Environmental Justice
- Environmental Law
- Environmental Management
- Environmental Management: Drylands
- Environmental Perception
- Environmental Planning
- Environmental Protection
- Environmental Racism
- Environmental Refugees
- Environmental Restoration
- Environmental Rights
- Environmental Security
- Environmental Services
- Ethnicity and Nature
- Everglades Restoration
- Fair Trade and Environmental Certification
- Feminist Environmental Geographies
- Feminist Environmentalism
- Feminist Political Ecology
- Forest Degradation
- Forest Fragmentation
- Forest Land Use
- Forest Restoration
- Game Ranching
- Gender and Nature
- Global Environmental Change
- Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Change
- Human Ecology
- Hunting and Gathering
- Hybridization of Plant and Animal Species
- Indigenous and Community Conserved Areas
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- Land Degradation
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- Land Tenure
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- Land Use
- Land Use Analysis
- Land Use and Cover Change (LUCC)
- Land Use History
- Land Use Planning
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- Landscape Interpretation
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- Locally Unwanted Land Uses (LULUs)
- Market-Based Environmental Regulation
- Mining and Geography
- Multistakeholder Participation
- Nature
- Nature-Society Theory
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- Neo-Malthusianism
- Nomadic Herding
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- Open Space
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- Pest Management
- Pesticides
- Political Ecology
- Population and Land Degradation
- Population and Land Use
- Population, Environment, and Development
- Prairie Restoration
- Race and Nature
- Regional Environmental Planning
- Science, Technology, and Environment
- Social and Economic Impacts of Climate Change
- Social Construction of Nature
- Social Forestry
- Soil Conservation
- Soil Degradation
- Soil Depletion
- Soil Erosion
- Suitability Analysis
- Sustainability Science
- Sustainable Fisheries
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- Sustainable Production
- Urban Metabolism
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- Urban Sustainability
- Urban Water Supply
- Wilderness
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- Wise Use Movement
- Xeriscaping
- Nature and Society: Hazards and Disasters
- Avalanches
- Bhopal, India, Chemical Disaster
- Chernobyl Nuclear Accident
- Coastal Hazards
- Differential Vulnerabilities to Hazards
- Disaster Prediction and Warning
- Disaster Preparedness
- Drought Risk and Hazard
- Flash Floods
- Floods
- Gender and Environmental Hazards
- Hurricane Katrina
- Hurricanes, Risk and Hazard
- Landslide
- Natural Hazards and Risk Analysis
- Oil Spills
- Remote Sensing in Disaster Response
- Risk Analysis and Assessment
- Three Mile Island Nuclear Accident
- Tsunami
- Tsunami of 2004, Indian Ocean
- Volcanic Eruptions as Risk and Hazard
- Vulnerability, Risks, and Hazards
- Wildfires: Risk and Hazard
- Nature and Society: Pollution and Waste
- Acid Rain
- Ambient Air Quality
- Atmospheric Pollution
- Brownfields
- Chemical Spills, Environment, and Society
- Coastal Dead Zones
- Coastal Zone and Marine Pollution
- Greenhouse Gases
- Heavy Metals as Pollutants
- Herbicides
- Landfills
- Love Canal
- Nonpoint Sources of Pollution
- Photochemical Smog
- Point Sources of Pollution
- Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
- Recycling of Municipal Solid Waste
- Urban Solid Waste Management
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- Wastewater Management
- Water Pollution
- Nature and Society: Resources and Conservation
- Biofuels
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- Common Pool Resources
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- Commons, Tragedy of the
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- Community-Based Conservation
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- Conservation
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- Distribution of Resource Access
- Energy Resources
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- Governmentality and Conservation
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- Landscape and Wildlife Conservation
- Nonrenewable Resources
- Nuclear Energy
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- Patches and Corridors in Wildlife Conservation
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- Political Economy of Resources
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- Resource Economics
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- Methods, Models, and GIS: Cartography
- Altitude
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- Map Generalization
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- Participatory Mapping
- Poles, North and South
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- Analytical Operations in GIS
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- Conflation
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- Digitizing
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- GIS in Archaeology
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- GIS in Land Use Management
- GIS in Local Government
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- GIS in Utilities
- GIS in Water Management
- GIS Software
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- GIScience
- Global Positioning System
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- Heuristic Methods in Spatial Analysis
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- Humanistic GIScience
- Internet GIS
- Interoperability and Spatial Data Standards
- Legal Aspects of Geospatial Information
- Linear Referencing and Dynamic Segmentation
- Location-Based Services
- Metadata
- Mobile GIS
- Neogeography
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- Network Data Model
- Ontological Foundations of Geographical Data
- Open Geodata Standards
- Open Source GIS
- Privacy and Security of Geospatial Information
- Public Participation GIS
- Scale in GIS
- Semantic Interoperability
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- Spatial Data Integration
- Spatial Data Mining
- Spatial Data Models
- Spatial Data Structures
- Spatial Decision Support Systems
- Spatialization
- Supervised Classification
- Temporal GIS
- Temporal Resolution
- Terrain Analysis
- Three-Dimensional Data Models
- Topological Relationships
- Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) Data Model
- Unsupervised Classification
- Usability of Geospatial Information
- Vagueness in Spatial Data
- Vectorization
- Viewshed Analysis
- Virtual and Immersive Environments
- Web Geoprocessing Workflows
- Web Service Architectures for GIS
- Methods, Models, and GIS: Qualitative Techniques
- Methods, Models, and GIS: Quantitative Models
- Agent-Based Models
- Bayesian Statistics in Spatial Analysis
- Ecological Fallacy
- Fieldwork in Physical Geography
- Geographically Weighted Regression
- Geostatistics
- Location Quotients
- Location-Allocation Modeling
- Modifiable Areal Unit Problem
- Multivariate Analysis Methods
- Point Pattern Analysis
- Quantitative Methods
- Shortest-Path Problem
- Spatial Analysis
- Spatial Autocorrelation
- Spatial Econometrics
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- Spatial Interpolation
- Spatial Multicriteria Evaluation
- Spatial Optimization Methods
- Spatial Statistics
- Methods, Models, and GIS: Remote Sensing
- Aerial Imagery: Data
- Aerial Imagery: Interpretation
- Atmospheric Remote Sensing
- Biophysical Remote Sensing
- Energy and Human Ecology
- Geosensor Networks
- Image Enhancement
- Image Fusion
- Image Interpretation
- Image Processing
- Image Registration
- Image Texture
- Imaging Spectroscopy
- LiDAR and Airborne Laser Scanning
- Microwave/RADAR Data
- Multispectral Imagery
- Multitemporal Imaging
- Object-Based Image Analysis
- Panchromatic Imagery
- Photogrammetric Methods
- Radiometric Correction
- Radiometric Normalization
- Radiometric Resolution
- Remote Sensing
- Remote Sensing: Platforms and Sensors
- Spatial Resolution
- Spectral Characteristics of Terrestrial Surfaces
- Spectral Resolution
- Spectral Transformations
- Stereoscopy and Orthoimagery
- Thermal Imagery
- History of Geography
- Annales School
- Anthropogeography
- Antipodes
- Berkeley School
- Biblical Mapping
- Cartography, History of
- Chicago School
- Chorology
- Darwinism and Geography
- Enlightenment
- Environmental Determinism
- Exploration
- GIS, History of
- Human Geography, History of
- Lewis and Clark Expedition
- Modernity
- Physical Geography, History of
- Quantitative Revolution
- Race and Empire
- Sequent Occupance
- Social Darwinism
- T-in-O Maps
- People, Organizations, and Movements: Biographies
- Abler, Ronald
- Agamben, Giorgio
- Agnew, John
- al-Idrisi
- Anaximander
- Anselin, Luc
- Antevs, Ernst
- Aristotle
- Armstrong, Marc
- Barrows, Harlan
- Batty, Michael
- Berry, Brian
- Biruni
- Blaikie, Piers
- Blaut, James
- Bourghassi, Carmina
- Bowman, Isaiah
- Bunge, William
- Buttimer, Anne
- Câmara, Gilberto
- Castells, Manuel
- Chorley, Richard
- Chrisman, Nicholas
- Christaller, Walter
- Clark, Andrew
- Clark, William
- Columbus, Christopher
- Cook, Captain James
- Cosgrove, Denis
- Dangermond, Jack
- Darby, Henry Clifford
- Davis, William Morris
- Dear, Michael
- Dendrochronology
- Desert Varnish
- Diamond, Jared
- Earle, Carville
- Eastman, Ronald
- Egenhofer, Max
- Eratosthenes
- Febvre, Lucien
- Fisher, Peter
- Fotheringham, A. Stewart
- Frank, Andrew
- Gama, Vasco da
- Getis, Arthur
- Giddens, Anthony
- Gilbert, Grove Karl
- Golledge, Reginald
- Goodchild, Michael
- Goode, J. Paul
- Gottmann, Jean
- Gould, Peter
- Gregory, Derek
- Guyot, Arnold
- Hägerstrand, Torsten
- Haggett, Peter
- Hanson, Susan
- Harley, Brian
- Hartshorne, Richard
- Harvey, David
- Haushofer, Karl
- Hayden, Ferdinand
- Herodotus
- Hettner, Alfred
- Hipparchus
- Hou Renzhi
- Hoyt, Homer
- Humboldt, Alexander von
- Huntington, Ellsworth
- Ibn Battuta
- Ibn Khaldün
- Isard, Walter
- Jackson, John Brinckerhoff
- Jefferson, Thomas
- Johnston, R. J.
- Köppen, Wladimir
- Kant, Immanuel
- Kates, Robert
- Kropotkin, Peter
- Kuhn, Werner
- Kwan, Mei-Po
- Lösch, August
- Lefebvre, Henri
- Lewis, Peirce
- Ley, David
- Lillesand, Thomas
- Livingstone, David
- Lynch, William
- MacEachren, Alan
- Mackinder, Sir Halford
- Magellan, Ferdinand
- Mahan, Alfred Thayer
- Marcus, Melvin G.
- Mark, David M.
- Marsh, George Perkins
- Massey, Doreen
- Mather, John Russell
- Maury, Matthew Fontaine
- McKnight, Tom L.
- Meinig, Donald
- Mercator, Gerardus
- Miller, Harvey J.
- Mitchell, Don
- Monmonier, Mark
- Morrill, Richard
- Morse, Jedediah
- Nyerges, Timothy
- Okabe, Atsuyuki
- Olsson, Gunnar
- Ortelius
- Parsons, James
- Peet, Richard
- Penck, Walther
- Peuquet, Donna
- Pickles, John
- Powell, John Wesley
- Pred, Allan
- Ptolemy
- Raisz, Erwin
- Ratzel, Friedrich
- Reclus, Élisée
- Relph, Edward
- Ritter, Carl
- Rose, Gillian
- Sauer, Carl
- Schaefer, Fred
- Scott, Allen
- Semple, Ellen Churchill
- Smith, Neil
- Soja, Edward
- Storper, Michael
- Strabo
- Strahler, Arthur
- Sui, Daniel
- Taylor, Griffith
- Taylor, Peter
- Thales
- Thornthwaite, C. Warren
- Thrift, Nigel
- Tobler, Waldo
- Tomlinson, Roger
- Trewartha, Glenn
- Troll, Carl
- Tuan, Yi-Fu
- Turner, Billie Lee, II
- Unwin, David
- Vance, James
- Varenius
- Vidal de la Blache, Paul
- Virilio, Paul
- Waldseemüller, Martin
- Walker, Richard
- Watts, Michael
- Weber, Alfred
- White, Gilbert
- Whittlesey, Derwent
- Wilson, John
- Wittfogel, Karl
- Wood, Denis
- Wright, Dawn
- Wright, John Kirtland
- Zelinsky, Wilbur
- People, Organizations, and Movements: Geographical Organizations
- American Geographical Society
- Association of American Geographers
- Association of Geographic Information Laboratories for Europe
- Canadian Association of Geographers
- Conference of Latin Americanist Geographers
- Institute of British Geographers
- International Geographical Union
- National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis
- National Council for Geographic Education
- National Geographic Society
- Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)
- Open Source Geospatial Foundation
- Regional Science Association International (RSAI)
- Royal Geographical Society
- Russian Geographical Society
- University Consortium for Geographic Information Science
- People, Organizations, and Movements: Political and Economic Organizations
- African Union
- Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
- Association of Southeast Asian Nations
- Commonwealth of Independent States
- Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON)
- European Union
- Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
- International Criminal Court
- International Monetary Fund
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
- North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
- Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
- United Nations
- World Bank
- World Court
- World Trade Organization (WTO)
- People, Organizations, and Movements: Scientific Organizations
- People, Organizations, and Movements: Social Movements
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