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Cellular Automata
Cellular automata (CA; singular: cellular automaton) are dynamic discrete systems that operate in space and time on a uniform and regular lattice of cells. These cells are driven by rules that describe interactions at the local level to produce patterns at the global level. Depending on the problem context, the cells can also be rectangular, triangular, or hexagonal.
Figure 1 Different cellular automata neighborhoods
Source: Author.
History
The mathematical description of CA was partially postulated by D'Arcy Thompson (1917), then further developed by Von Neumann (1966) in his work on self-reproducing systems. The work of Von Neumann was motivated by Alan Turing's groundbreaking developments in algorithms and digital computing as well as Stanislaw Ulam's work on the growth of crystals in the 1940s and 1950s. CA concepts were ...
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- Morrill, Richard
- Morse, Jedediah
- Nyerges, Timothy
- Okabe, Atsuyuki
- Olsson, Gunnar
- Ortelius
- Parsons, James
- Peet, Richard
- Penck, Walther
- Peuquet, Donna
- Pickles, John
- Powell, John Wesley
- Pred, Allan
- Ptolemy
- Raisz, Erwin
- Ratzel, Friedrich
- Reclus, Élisée
- Relph, Edward
- Ritter, Carl
- Rose, Gillian
- Sauer, Carl
- Schaefer, Fred
- Scott, Allen
- Semple, Ellen Churchill
- Smith, Neil
- Soja, Edward
- Storper, Michael
- Strabo
- Strahler, Arthur
- Sui, Daniel
- Taylor, Griffith
- Taylor, Peter
- Thales
- Thornthwaite, C. Warren
- Thrift, Nigel
- Tobler, Waldo
- Tomlinson, Roger
- Trewartha, Glenn
- Troll, Carl
- Tuan, Yi-Fu
- Turner, Billie Lee, II
- Unwin, David
- Vance, James
- Varenius
- Vidal de la Blache, Paul
- Virilio, Paul
- Waldseemüller, Martin
- Walker, Richard
- Watts, Michael
- Weber, Alfred
- White, Gilbert
- Whittlesey, Derwent
- Wilson, John
- Wittfogel, Karl
- Wood, Denis
- Wright, Dawn
- Wright, John Kirtland
- Zelinsky, Wilbur
- People, Organizations, and Movements: Geographical Organizations
- American Geographical Society
- Association of American Geographers
- Association of Geographic Information Laboratories for Europe
- Canadian Association of Geographers
- Conference of Latin Americanist Geographers
- Institute of British Geographers
- International Geographical Union
- National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis
- National Council for Geographic Education
- National Geographic Society
- Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)
- Open Source Geospatial Foundation
- Regional Science Association International (RSAI)
- Royal Geographical Society
- Russian Geographical Society
- University Consortium for Geographic Information Science
- People, Organizations, and Movements: Political and Economic Organizations
- African Union
- Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
- Association of Southeast Asian Nations
- Commonwealth of Independent States
- Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON)
- European Union
- Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
- International Criminal Court
- International Monetary Fund
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
- North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
- Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
- United Nations
- World Bank
- World Court
- World Trade Organization (WTO)
- People, Organizations, and Movements: Scientific Organizations
- People, Organizations, and Movements: Social Movements
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