Cocaine Exposure and the Neonate

Maternal cocaine use during pregnancy is associated with several medical complications for the mother and her fetus. The sequelae of in utero cocaine exposure extends into childhood and affects not only the child but also the child's family. Women who use cocaine during pregnancy are more likely to live in poverty and in lone-female households. Intimate partner violence and multiple sexual partners are also more common in cocaine users than in nonusers. In this entry, the epidemiology, diagnosis, and biopsychosocial impact of cocaine use during pregnancy are reviewed, as well as options for treatment and follow-up and family support.