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Product Evaluation
This entry concerns the evaluation of physical objects produced by a manufacturing process. Because space limitations preclude an in-depth treatment, a general framework is provided that can guide more detailed evaluations. In the process, my goal is to highlight relationships between the evaluation of products and the more usual targets of evaluators (i.e., programs, regulation, and legislation). It is useful to consider product evaluation as a set of issues falling into four categories:
- Product life cycle
- Stakeholders and frames of reference
- Logic models and relationships among measures
- Sources of data
Product Life Cycle
Typically, product development travels a path from initial conception or high-level design through detail design, manufacturing, marketing and sales, postsales warranty and support, to retirement. Evaluation priorities, methods, and, indeed, the meaning of the ...
- Concepts, Evaluation
- Personnel Evaluation
- Advocacy in Evaluation
- Evaluand
- Evaluation
- Evaluator
- Evaluator Roles
- External Evaluation
- Formative Evaluation
- Goal
- Grading
- Independence
- Internal Evaluation
- Judgment
- Logic of Evaluation
- Merit
- Metaevaluation
- Objectives
- Personnel Evaluation
- Process Evaluation
- Product Evaluation
- Program Evaluation
- Quality
- Ranking
- Standard Setting
- Standards
- Summative Evaluation
- Synthesis
- Value Judgment
- Values
- Worth
- Concepts, Methodological
- 360-Degree Evaluation
- Accountability
- Achievement
- Affect
- Analysis
- Applied Research
- Appraisal
- Appropriateness
- Assessment
- Audience
- Best Practices
- Black Box
- Capacity Building
- Client
- Client Satisfaction
- Consumer
- Consumer Satisfaction
- Control Conditions
- Cost
- Cost Effectiveness
- Criterion-Referenced Test
- Critique
- Cut Score
- Description
- Design Effects
- Dissemination
- Effectiveness
- Efficiency
- Feasibility
- Hypothesis
- Impact Assessment
- Implementation
- Improvement
- Indicators
- Inputs
- Inspection
- Interpretation
- Intervention
- Interviewing
- Literature Review
- Longitudinal Studies
- Measurement
- Modus Operandi
- Most Significant Change Technique
- Norm-Referenced Tests
- Opportunity Costs
- Outcomes
- Outputs
- Peer Review
- Performance Indicator
- Performance Program
- Personalizing Evaluation
- Rapport
- Reactivity
- Reliability
- Sampling
- Score Card
- Secondary Analysis
- Services
- Setting
- Significance
- Situational Responsiveness
- Social Indicators
- Sponsor
- Stakeholder Involvement
- Treatments
- Triangulation
- Concepts, Philosophical
- Verstehen
- Aesthetics
- Ambiguity
- Amelioration
- Argument
- Authenticity
- Authority of Evaluation
- Bias
- Conclusions, Evaluative
- Consequential Validity
- Construct Validity
- Context
- Credibility
- Criteria
- Difference Principle
- Empiricism
- Epistemology
- Equity
- External Validity
- Falsifiability
- Generalization
- Hermeneutics
- Inference
- Internal Validity
- Interpretation
- Interpretivism
- Logical Positivism
- Meaning
- Means-End Relations
- Moral Discourse
- Objectivity
- Ontology
- Paradigm
- Pareto Optimal
- Pareto Principle
- Phenomenology
- Point of View
- Positivism
- Postmodernism
- Postpositivism
- Praxis
- Probative Logic
- Proxy Measure
- Rationality
- Relativism
- Subjectivity
- Tacit Knowledge
- Trustworthiness
- Understanding
- Validity
- Value-Free Inquiry
- Values
- Veracity
- Concepts, Social Science
- Capitalism
- Chaos Theory
- Constructivism
- Critical Incidents
- Deconstruction
- Dialogue
- Disenfranchised
- Experimenting Society
- Feminism
- Great Society Programs
- Ideal Type
- Inclusion
- Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Issues in Evaluation
- Minority Issues in Evaluation
- Persuasion
- Policy Studies
- Politics of Evaluation
- Qualitative-Quantitative Debate in Evaluation
- Social Class
- Social Context
- Social Justice
- Ethics and Standards
- The Program Evaluation Standards
- Certification
- Communities of Practice (CoPs)
- Confidentiality
- Conflict of Interest
- Ethical Agreements
- Ethics
- Guiding Principles for Evaluators
- Honesty
- Human Subjects Protection
- Impartiality
- Informed Consent
- Licensure
- Profession of Evaluation
- Propriety
- Public Welfare
- Reciprocity
- Social Justice
- Teaching Evaluation
- Evaluation Approaches and Models
- Accreditation
- Action Research
- Appreciative Inquiry
- Artistic Evaluation
- Auditing
- CIPP Model (Concept, Input, Process, Product)
- Cluster Evaluation
- Community-Based Evaluation
- Connoisseurship
- Cost-Benefit Analysis
- Countenance Model of Evaluation
- Critical Theory Evaluation
- Culturally Responsive Evaluation
- Deliberative Democratic Evaluation
- Democratic Evaluation
- Developmental Evaluation
- Empowerment Evaluation
- Evaluative Inquiry
- Experimental Design
- Feminist Evaluation
- Fourth-Generation Evaluation
- Goal-Free Evaluation
- Illuminative Evaluation
- Inclusive Evaluation
- Institutional Self-Evaluation
- Judicial Model of Evaluation
- Kirkpatrick Four-Level Evaluation Model
- Logic Model
- Models of Evaluation
- Multicultural Evaluation
- Naturalistic Evaluation
- Objectives-Based Evaluation
- Participatory Action Research (PAR)
- Participatory Evaluation
- Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation
- Quasiexperimental Design
- Realist Evaluation
- Realistic Evaluation
- Responsive Evaluation
- Success Case Method
- Transformative Paradigm
- Utilization-Focused Evaluation
- Evaluation Practice Around the World, Stories
- Evaluation Planning
- Evaluation Theory
- Laws and Legislation
- Organizations
- Abt Associates
- Active Learning Network for Accountability and Performance in Humanitarian Action (ALNAP)
- American Evaluation Association (AEA)
- American Institutes for Research (AIR)
- Buros Institute
- Center for Instructional Research and Curriculum Evaluation (CIRCE)
- Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards, and Student Testing (CRESST)
- Center for the Study of Evaluation (CSE)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
- Centre for Applied Research in Education (CARE)
- ERIC Clearinghouse on Assessment and Evaluation
- Evaluation Center, The
- Evaluation Research Society (ERS)
- Evaluators' Institute™, The
- General Accounting Office (GAO)
- International Development Evaluation Association (IDEAS)
- International Development Research Center (IDRC)
- International Organization for Cooperation in Evaluation (IOCE)
- International Program in Development Evaluation Training (IPDET)
- Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation
- Mathematica Policy Research
- MDRC
- National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- National Science Foundation (NSF)
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
- Performance Assessment Resource Centre (PARC)
- Philanthropic Evaluation
- RAND Corporation
- Research Triangle Institute (RTI)
- United States Agency of International Development (USAID)
- Urban Institute
- Westat
- WestEd
- World Bank
- World Conservation Union (IUCN)
- People
- Abma, Tineke A.
- Adelman, Clem
- Albæk, Erik
- Alkin, Marvin C.
- Altschuld, James W.
- Bamberger, Michael J.
- Barrington, Gail V.
- Bhola, H. S.
- Bickel, William E.
- Bickman, Leonard
- Bonnet, Deborah G.
- Boruch, Robert
- Brisolara, Sharon
- Campbell, Donald T.
- Campos, Jennie
- Chalmers, Thomas
- Chelimsky, Eleanor
- Chen, Huey-Tsyh
- Conner, Ross
- Cook, Thomas D.
- Cooksy, Leslie
- Cordray, David
- Cousins, J. Bradley
- Cronbach, Lee J.
- Dahler-Larsen, Peter
- Datta, Lois-ellin
- Denny, Terry
- Eisner, Elliot
- Engle, Molly
- Farrington, David
- Fetterman, David M.
- Fitzpatrick, Jody L.
- Forss, Kim
- Fournier, Deborah M.
- Freeman, Howard E.
- Frierson, Henry T.
- Funnell, Sue
- Georghiou, Luke
- Glass, Gene V
- Grasso, Patrick G.
- Greene, Jennifer C.
- Guba, Egon G.
- Hall, Budd L.
- Hastings, J. Thomas
- Haug, Peder
- Henry, Gary T.
- Hood, Stafford L.
- Hopson, Rodney
- House, Ernest R.
- Hughes, Gerunda B.
- Ingle, Robert
- Jackson, Edward T.
- Julnes, George
- King, Jean A.
- Kirkhart, Karen
- Konrad, Ellen L.
- Kushner, Saville
- Leeuw, Frans L.
- Levin, Henry M.
- Leviton, Laura
- Light, Richard J.
- Lincoln, Yvonna S.
- Lipsey, Mark W.
- Lundgren, Ulf P.
- Mabry, Linda
- MacDonald, Barry
- Madison, Anna Marie
- Mark, Melvin M.
- Mathison, Sandra
- Mertens, Donna M.
- Millet, Ricardo A.
- Moos, Rudolf H.
- Morell, Jonathan A.
- Morris, Michael
- Mosteller, Frederick
- Narayan, Deepa
- Nathan, Richard
- Nevo, David
- Newcomer, Kathryn
- Newman, Dianna L.
- O'Sullivan, Rita
- Owen, John M.
- Patel, Mahesh
- Patton, Michael Quinn
- Pawson, Ray
- Pollitt, Christopher
- Porteous, Nancy L.
- Posavac, Emil J.
- Preskill, Hallie
- Reichardt, Charles S. (Chip)
- Rist, Ray C.
- Rog, Debra J.
- Rogers, Patricia J.
- Rossi, Peter H.
- Rugh, Jim
- Russon, Craig W.
- Ryan, Katherine E.
- Sanders, James R.
- Scheirer, Mary Ann
- Schwandt, Thomas A.
- Scriven, Michael
- Shadish, William R.
- Shulha, Lyn M.
- Simons, Helen
- Smith, M. F.
- Smith, Nick L.
- Stake, Robert E.
- Stanfield, John II
- Stanley, Julian C.
- Stufflebeam, Daniel L.
- Tilley, Nick
- Torres, Rosalie T.
- Toulemonde, Jacques
- Trochim, William
- Tyler, Ralph W.
- VanderPlaat, Madine
- Wadsworth, Yoland
- Walberg, Herbert J.
- Walker, Rob
- Weiss, Carol Hirschon
- Whitmore, Elizabeth
- Wholey, Joseph S.
- Wildavsky, Aaron B.
- Worthen, Blaine R.
- Wye, Christopher G.
- Publications
- American Journal of Evaluation
- Evaluation & the Health Professions
- Evaluation and Program Planning
- Evaluation Review: A Journal of Applied Social Research
- Evaluation: The International Journal of Theory, Research and Practice
- New Directions for Evaluation (NDE)
- Practical Assessment, Research on Evaluation (PARE)
- The Personnel Evaluation Standards
- The Program Evaluation Standards
- EvalTalk
- Guiding Principles for Evaluators
- Qualitative Methods
- Archives
- Checklists
- Comparative Analysis
- Constant Comparative Method
- Content Analysis
- Cross-Case Analysis
- Deliberative Forums
- Delphi Technique
- Document Analysis
- Emergent Design
- Emic Perspective
- Ethnography
- Etic Perspective
- Fieldwork
- Focus Group
- Gendered Evaluation
- Grounded Theory
- Group Interview
- Key Informants
- Mixed Methods
- Narrative Analysis
- Natural Experiments
- Negative Cases
- Observation
- Participant Observation
- Phenomenography
- Portfolio
- Portrayal
- Qualitative Data
- Rapid Rural Appraisal
- Reflexivity
- Rival Interpretations
- Thick Description
- Think-Aloud Protocol
- Unique-Case Analysis
- Unobtrusive Measures
- Quantitative Methods
- Aggregate Matching
- Backward Mapping
- Benchmarking
- Concept Mapping
- Correlation
- Cross-Sectional Design
- Errors of Measurement
- Fault Tree Analysis
- Field Experiment
- Matrix Sampling
- Meta-analysis
- Multitrait-Multimethod Analysis
- Panel Studies
- Pre-Post Design
- Quantitative Data
- Quantitative Weight and Sum
- Regression Analysis
- Standardized Test
- Statistics
- Surveys
- Time Series Analysis
- Representation, Reporting, Communicating
- Systems
- Technology
- Utilization
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